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农作物秸秆是生物质资源的主要来源之一,与之相关的技术开发目前已成为生态农业和可持续发展的一个重大课题。农作物秸秆资源化利用有肥料、燃料、饲料、工业原料和食用菌基料等多种途径和技术路径,这些利用方式和技术的经济可行性如何,引起了研究者越来越多的关注。文章提供了一个对我国农作物秸秆资源化利用行为进行经济分析的理论框架。在该框架中,农作物秸秆资源化利用的总收益包括秸秆产品的市场价值、秸秆资源使用节约的相关资源性产品价值以及秸秆产品使用产生的环境收益;农作物秸秆资源化利用的总成本则由秸秆的收集、运输、储藏、加工以及机会成本构成。最后,文章对农作物秸秆资源化利用的公共政策等问题进行讨论。
Crop stalks are one of the main sources of biomass resources. The related technology development has become a major issue for ecological agriculture and sustainable development. Utilization of crop straws includes various approaches and technological paths of fertilizers, fuels, feedstuffs, industrial raw materials and edible fungal bases, and the economic feasibility of these utilization methods and technologies has drawn more and more attention from researchers. The article provides a theoretical framework for the economic analysis of the utilization of crop straws in China. In this framework, the total revenue from crop straw utilization includes the market value of straw products, the value of resource-related products conserving straw resources and the environmental benefits arising from the use of straw products. The total cost of resource utilization of crop straw is determined by the total amount of straw Collection, transportation, storage, processing and opportunity costs. Finally, the article discusses the public policy on the utilization of crop straws and other issues.