论文部分内容阅读
60年代以来,美国研制了10余种一次性使用运载火箭.在70年代末航天飞机发射成功后,美国曾忽视一次性使用火箭的发展.但航天飞机有其固有缺点,不能完全满足未来空间开发的需求.特别在“挑战者”号失事后,美国调整了其航天政策,重新起用和改进现有运载火箭,并着手研制下一代更大型的火箭.大型化和提高经济效益是今后运载火箭发展的重要趋势.一直到下一世纪,一次性使用运载火箭都将和航天飞机并行发展.运载火箭的另一发展动向是降低使用成本,这包括客货分开运输、采用烃类发动机和减少级数、增大火箭直径.
Since the 1960s, the United States has developed more than 10 types of single-use launch vehicles. In the late 1970s, the United States once neglected the development of a single-use rocket after the successful launch of the space shuttle, but its inherent shortcomings can not fully meet its future development needs Especially after the “Challenger” crash, the United States adjusted its space policy to restart and improve existing launch vehicles and embark on the development of the next generation of larger rockets.The enlargement and economic benefits are the key to the future development of launch vehicles Until the next century, one-time use of launch vehicles will be developed in parallel with the space shuttle.Another development trend of launch vehicles is to reduce the cost of use, which includes the separate transport of passengers and goods, the use of hydrocarbon engines and to reduce the number of stages , Increase the rocket diameter.