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目的通过调查居民对结核患者的相关态度与行为,分析结核病歧视现状与相关因素,为结核病健康教育及行为干预提供建议。方法对浙江省10个县6 000名常住居民进行入户问卷调查,调查其结核病核心知识及信息的知晓情况,对结核患者相关态度与行为等。结果在4 932名知晓肺结核的居民中,3 233人表现出对周围发生的结核病人的歧视倾向,占65.6%;在390名周围曾有结核病的居民中,104人与这些病人有“减少来往”行为,占26.7%;高年龄段、农民、文化水平较低、已婚、收入较低人群更易产生歧视态度;知晓结核病能传染的居民歧视态度更明显,而知晓结核病诊断和预后的居民歧视态度却相对不明显。结论居民对于结核病的歧视态度与行为广泛存在,对结核病相关知识表面理解更易导致歧视。
Objective To investigate the status quo and related factors of tuberculosis discrimination by investigating residents’ attitudes and behaviors towards tuberculosis patients and to provide advice on tuberculosis health education and behavior intervention. Methods A questionnaire survey of 6 000 permanent residents in 10 counties in Zhejiang Province was carried out to investigate the status of TB patients’ core knowledge and information and the related attitudes and behaviors of TB patients. Results Among the 4 932 residents who knew TB, 3 233 showed a tendency to discriminate against TB patients around them, accounting for 65.6% of the total. Among the 390 residents with tuberculosis surrounding them, 104 had a “reduction in the number of tuberculosis patients Behavior ”, accounting for 26.7%; higher age groups, farmers, lower educational level, married, lower-income groups are more likely to have a discriminatory attitude; awareness of tuberculosis can be infected with the more obvious discrimination of residents, and knowledge of tuberculosis diagnosis and prognosis Resident discriminatory attitude is relatively insignificant. Conclusions Residents’ attitudes and behaviors about discrimination against tuberculosis are widespread. Understanding of tuberculosis-related knowledge is more likely to lead to discrimination.