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Objective To determine the interaction between 2450-MHz microwaves (MW) radiation and mitomycin C (MMC). Methods The synergistic genotoxic effects of low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave and MMC on human lymphocytes were studied using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay (comet assay) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) test in vitro. The whole blood cells from a male donor and a female donor were either only exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves (5.0 mW/cm2) for 2 h or only exposed to MMC (0.0125 μg/mL, 0.025 μg/mL, 0.05 μg/mL and 0.1 μg/mL) for 24 h; and the samples were exposed to MMC for 24 h after exposure to MW for 2 h. Results In the comet assay, the comet lengths ( 29.1 μm and 25.9 μm) of MW were not significantly longer than those (26.3 μm and 24.1 μm) of controls (P＞0.05). The comet lengths (57.4 μm, 68.9 μm, 91.4 μam, 150.6 μm and 50.6 μm, 71.7 μm, 100.1 μm, 145.1 μm) of 4 MMC groups were significantly longer than those of controls (P＜0.01). The comet lengths (59.1 μm, 92.3 μm, 124.5 μm, 182.7 μm and 57.4 μm, 85.5 μm, 137.5 μm, 178.3 μm) of 4 MW plus MMC groups were significantly longer than those of controls too (P＜0.01). The comet lengths of MW plus MMC groups were significantly longer than those of the corresponding MMC doses (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) when the doses of MMC were ≥0.025 μg/mL. In the CBMN, the micronucleated cell (MNC) rates of MW were 5‰ and 6‰,which showed no difference compared with those (4‰ and 4‰) of controls (P＞0.05). The MNC rates of 4 MMC groups were 8‰, 9‰, 14‰, 23‰ and 8‰, 8‰, 16‰, 30‰ respectively. When the doses of MMC were ≥0.05 μg/mL, MNC rates of MMC were higher than those of controls (P＜0.05).MNC rates of 4 MW plus MMC groups were 12‰, 13‰, 20‰, 32‰ and 8‰, 9‰, 23‰, 40‰.When the doses of MMC were ≥0.05 μg/mL, MNC rates of MW plus MMC groups were much higher than those of controls (P＜0.01). MNC rates of 4 MW plus MMC groups were not significantiy higher than those of the corresponding MMC doses. Conclusion The low-intensity 2450-MHz microwave radiation can not induce DNA and chromosome damage, but can increase DNA damage effect induced by MMC in comet assay.