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1998年住房制度改革以来,货币政策、税收政策与土地政策在不同时期均对住房体系发挥了作用。通过政策与市场的对比分析,说明市场化工具对商品房建设存在较强作用,并表现为逆风向调控的特点。廉租房和经济适用房的关键决定因素为政府政策目标,三类住房产品间并不存在替代或互补关系,商品房市场的成交萎缩长期存在,必然通过财政收入影响到其他二类住房保障体系建设。为保证“十二五”期间住房体系构建的科学性和合理性,政策工具须从土地供应环节入手,加强税收调控,灵活运用利率工具。
Since the reform of the housing system in 1998, monetary policy, tax policy and land policy all played a role in the housing system in different periods. Through the comparative analysis of policies and markets, it shows that the market-oriented tools have a strong effect on the construction of commercial housing and are characterized by the regulation of the anti-wind direction. The key determinants of low-cost housing and affordable housing are government policy objectives. There is no alternative or complementary relationship between the three types of housing products. The shrinkage of the commercial housing market will last for a long time, which inevitably affects the construction of other types of housing security systems through fiscal revenue . In order to ensure the scientific and reasonable housing system construction during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the policy tools should start with the supply of land resources, strengthen tax control and make flexible use of interest rate tools.