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目的了解南水北调东线一期工程实施后水流水势变化对钉螺北移的影响。方法调查南水北调东线一期工程实施前后调水量、水流、水位资料,比较分析工程实施后水流水势变化及对钉螺北移扩散的影响。结果南水北调东线一期工程实施后比江水北调现状计划增加抽江水量38亿m3,增调水量主要在10月至次年5月,枯水期增调水量占78.51%~92.36%。一期工程输水规模扩大,但输水河道输水水位基本不变。夹江、芒稻河等水源河道钉螺面积为255.96hm2,阳性钉螺面积为8.27hm2;输水河道钉螺面积为2.09hm2。GPS定位调查表明输水河道钉螺局限分布在里运河高邮段,西岸钉螺分布北端位于北纬32°54.076′,东岸钉螺分布北端位于北纬32°53.293′。结论东线一期工程实施后枯水期调水量增加,避让了汛期钉螺漂流扩散的风险;冬春季输水河道长时间维持高水位可抑制钉螺的繁殖,因此南水北调东线一期工程实施后水流水势变化未明显增加钉螺漂流北移的风险。
Objective To understand the influence of water flow potential changes on the snail northward after the implementation of the first stage of the Eastern Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion. Methods The data of water transfer, water flow and water level before and after the implementation of the first stage of the Eastern Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion were investigated. The change of water flow potential and the influence on the north migration of Oncomelania snail were compared and analyzed. Results After the implementation of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (Phase I of the Eastern Route), the water supply of the Three Gorges River was increased by 3.8 billion m3 compared with the current situation of the North River. The increase and adjustment of water volume was mainly from October to May of the following year, and the increase and diversion of water from the dry season accounted for 78.51% to 92.36%. The scale of water conveyance in the first phase of project expanded, but the water level of water conveyance channel basically remained unchanged. The Jiaosi River and Mangdao River had a snail area of 255.96hm2 and a positive snail area of 8.27hm2. The snail area of the waterway was 2.09hm2. GPS positioning survey showed that the confined snail in the waterway was located in the Gaoyou section of the Rial Canal. The north end of the southern snail distribution was located at 32 ° 54.076 ’north latitude and the northern end of the southern snail distribution was located at 32 ° 53.293’ north latitude. Conclusion After the implementation of the first phase of the eastern route, the water diversion during the dry season increases, which avoids the risk of snail drifting in flood season. In the winter and spring, the long-term high water level can inhibit the growth of snails. Therefore, after the implementation of the first stage of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Not significantly increase the risk of snail drifting northward drifting.