今年1月起,日本文部省和科技厅合并为文部科学省。社会各界对此举评价不高,颇存异议。改革前,日本的科技行政管理体制由以下三根支柱支撑:文部省主管基础科学研究和科技人才培养,通产省、农林省、厚生省、运输省、邮政省等主管本部门的产业技术的研究开发,科技厅则拥有制定科技发展规划及方针、政策以及在各省、厅间进行调整的职权,同时主管航空航天、海洋开发、原子能及材料等科学技术的研究开发隶属于总理府的科学技术会议则是科技方面的最高决策机构。改革后,日本科技行政体制的基本框架是,科学技术会议更名为综合科学技术会议,不仅包括自然科学,而且还囊括了人文社会科学,决策权限进一步扩大和加强;文部科学省则拥有前科技厅的权限,即根据综合科学技术会议制定的综合战略,制定和推进科技政策和发展计划,并就此进行省际调整;原属于各省、厅的国立科研机构大部分成为“独立行政法人”而拥有了较大的自主权。政府标榜的中央省、厅改革的目标之 Since January this year, Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Technology has merged with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Various sectors of the community did not rate the move quite as dissenting. Before the reform, the science and technology administration system in Japan was supported by the following three pillars: the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology was responsible for the research and development of industrial technologies in charge of basic science research and scientific and technological personnel training, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Forestry, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Transport, Science and Technology Department has the development of science and technology development planning and guidelines, policies and in the provinces, offices to adjust the terms of reference, at the same time in charge of aerospace, marine development, atomic energy and materials science and technology research and development under the Prime Minister's Science and Technology Conference is The highest decision-making body in science and technology. After the reform, the basic framework of Japan's science and technology administration system was that the name of the science and technology conference was renamed as the comprehensive science and technology conference, which included not only the natural sciences but also the humanities and social sciences, with further expansion and strengthening of the power of decision-making. The MEXT had the former Science and Technology Department That is, according to the comprehensive strategy formulated by the Comprehensive Science and Technology Conference, formulate and promote the science and technology policy and development plan and make inter-provincial adjustments on the basis; most of the national scientific research institutes originally belonging to the provinces and departments have become “independent administrative legal persons” Have a greater autonomy. The central government announced the goal of government reform