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目的探讨新形势下基层采供血机构工作人员发生职业暴露的危险因素与预防措施。方法对采供血点2010-2014年的《职业暴露个案登记表》进行职业暴露情况统计分析。结果共发生职业暴露39例,所有工作人员均有职业暴露史,发生率100%。5年内发生率逐年下降;不同职业人员平均暴露率:工人>医生>护士>检验人员,平均暴露率分别为25.64%、15.38%、10.26%和8.12%(48.72%/6);暴露发生岗位以采血岗、后勤岗和成分制备岗为主,分别达48.72%、25.64%和15.38%;暴露物种类以采血针头、血液、剪刀和玻璃为主,分别占41.03%、30.77%、12.82%和12.82%;发生环节以针头插入试管留样和血液喷溅最高,分别达25.64%和17.96,其它环节均>10%;39例经检测均未发生传染病感染。结论基层采供血机构工作人员极易发生职业暴露,在血液安全面临严峻挑战的新形势下,管理者更应重视职业风险,做好职业暴露预防。
Objective To explore the risk factors and preventive measures of occupational exposure to grassroots blood collection and delivery agencies in the new situation. Methods A statistical analysis was conducted on occupational exposure of the “Occupational Exposure Case Registration Form” for blood collection and blood supply points from 2010 to 2014. Results A total of 39 cases of occupational exposure, all staff have a history of occupational exposure, the incidence of 100%. The average incidence of exposure in different occupations was 25.64%, 15.38%, 10.26% and 8.12%, respectively (48.72% / 6). The average exposure rate of workers, doctors, nurses and inspectors was The main types of exposed materials were blood donation, blood, scissors and glass, accounting for 41.03%, 30.77%, 12.82% and 12.82 %; The occurrence of needle insertion into the test tube and blood splatter samples were the highest, respectively 25.64% and 17.96, other links were> 10%; 39 cases were detected no infectious infections. Conclusion The staffs in primary blood collection and supply institutions are prone to occupational exposure. Under the new situation that blood safety is facing severe challenges, managers should pay more attention to occupational risks and prevent occupational exposure.