目的:建立成功率高、符合人腹主动脉瘤(AAA)病理生理特点的大鼠AAA模型。方法:将20只SD大鼠随机均分为模型组和对照组,模型组通过左髂总动脉插管,行肾下腹主动脉节段猪胰弹力蛋白酶加压灌注(期间行一系列方法上的改进),对照组以同样的方式接受生理盐水灌注。于术前、术后7,14 d通过彩色超声诊断仪检测两组灌注段腹主动脉尺寸,并于术后14 d取灌注段腹主动脉标本行弹力纤维染色。结果:术后7,14 d超声检测显示,对照组灌注段腹主动脉大小与术前比较无明显变化,模型组灌注段腹主动脉明显增大,模型成功率100%;术后14 d,模型组大鼠灌注段腹主动脉横截面积为术前的(5.17±0.61)倍,而对照组为(1.03±0.09)倍,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。弹力纤维染色显示,模型组血管中层弹力组织明显破坏,动脉壁弹性纤维相对含量明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:通过改进方法,建立了成功率高,病理特征典型的大鼠AAA模型,为开展AAA的基础研究提供了良好稳定的实验模型。 OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat AAA model with high success rate and accord with the pathophysiological characteristics of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into model group and control group. The model group was subjected to cannula elastase perfusion by subarachnoid aorta through cannulation of left common iliac artery (during a series of methods Improved), the control group received saline in the same way. The size of the abdominal aorta of the two groups was detected by color sonography before and 7 days and 14 days after operation. The abdominal aorta of the perfusion section was stained with elastic fiber 14 days after the operation. Results: At 7 and 14 days after operation, ultrasound examination showed that there was no significant difference in the size of the abdominal aorta between the control group and the preoperative one. The abdominal aorta of the model group was significantly increased, the success rate of the model was 100% The cross-sectional area of ​​the abdominal aorta in the model group was (5.17 ± 0.61) times higher than that in the control group (1.03 ± 0.09), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Elastin staining revealed that the middle layer of elastic tissue in the model group was significantly damaged, and the relative content of elastic fibers in the arterial wall was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.001). Conclusion: The AAA model with high success rate and typical pathological features has been established by the improved method, which provides a good and stable experimental model for the basic research of AAA.