高渗性糖尿病昏迷是糖尿病的一个严重急性并发症,临床上常以高血糖,无酮症,血浆渗透压升高,严重脱水及神经系统损害为主要特征。以往由于列其特征认识不足,误诊漏诊较多,导致死亡率很高,可达40～70%。本病多见于老年轻型糖尿病者,但各种年龄的糖尿病均可发生此并发症。我院自1974～1979年在住院病人中发现糖尿病高渗性昏迷及高渗性糖尿病的综合征5例,其中2例入院前未知有糖尿病史;3例为老年轻型糖尿病者,入院前发现糖尿病已有2～10年,由于入院时 Hyperosmolar diabetic coma is a serious acute complication of diabetes, often clinically high blood sugar, no ketosis, elevated plasma osmolality, severe dehydration and nervous system damage as the main feature. In the past because of its lack of knowledge of its characteristics, misdiagnosis and missed more, leading to high mortality, up to 40 to 70%. The disease more common in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, but all ages of diabetes can occur with this complication. 5 cases of hyperosmolar coma and hypertonic diabetes syndrome were found in hospitalized patients from 1974 to 1979 in our hospital, of which 2 cases were not known to have diabetes before admission; 3 cases were elderly patients with mild type 2 diabetes mellitus before admission 2 to 10 years, due to admission