从 2 0世纪 80年代到 90年代初 ,美国哈佛商学院迈克·波特教授先后出版了《竞争战略》(1 980年 )、《竞争优势》(1 985年 )和《国家竞争优势》(1 990年 )三部著作 ,从微观、中观和宏观三个层次较为全面地论述了“竞争”问题 ,系统地提出了竞争优势理论。在《国家竞争优势》一 From the 1980s to the early 1990s, Professor Mike Porter of the Harvard Business School published “Competitive Strategy” (1980), “Competitive Advantage” (1985), and “National Competitive Advantage” (1) 990) three books, a more comprehensive discussion of the “competition” from the micro, meso and macro levels, systematically put forward the theory of competitive advantage. In the “national competitive advantage” one