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目的分析淄博市1956-2014年猩红热的发病趋势和流行特点,了解2013-2014年淄博市A群溶血性链球菌(group A streptococcus,GAS)的emm基因型,为开展防控工作提供依据。方法收集猩红热历史疫情资料和国家疾病监测信息系统报告的猩红热病例,利用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。采集2013-2014年病例标本,培养分离GAS,应用PCR扩增emm基因,确定基因型别。结果 1956-2014年淄博市共报告猩红热病例13 470例,死亡24例,病死率0.18%。年发病率介于0.51~70.47/10万之间。59年间共出现7个流行周期,5~10年为一个周期。每年有春季(4~6月)和冬季(11~1月)2个发病高峰,15岁以下儿童占93.22%。2年分离14株GAS,共检测出6个基因亚型,emm1.0型6株、emm1.24型1株、emm1.70型1株、emm12.0型4株、emm12.7型1株、emm75.0型1株。结论59年间淄博市猩红热疫情呈现波动式下降,发病呈现明显的周期性和季节性。2013、2014年淄博市GAS的主要流行株是emm1.0和emm12.0。小学生和托幼儿童是高危人群,应作为防控工作重点对象。
Objective To analyze the trend and epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Zibo City from 1956 to 2014 and to understand the emm genotypes of group A streptococcus (Group A streptococcus) in Zibo City from 2013 to 2014 so as to provide basis for prevention and control. Methods Scarlet fever cases collected from historical scarce data and from the National Disease Surveillance Information System were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Collect 2013-2014 cases of specimens, culture isolated GAS, PCR amplification of emm gene, to determine the genotype. Results A total of 13 470 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Zibo City from 1956 to 2014, with 24 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.18%. The annual incidence ranged from 0.51 to 70.47 / 100 000. A total of 7 epidemic periods occurred in 59 years and one period in 5 ~ 10 years. There are two peak incidences in spring (April-June) and winter (November-January), and 93.22% in children under 15 years of age. Two strains of GAS were isolated in two years. Six genotypes were detected, including 6 emm1.0, 1 emm1.24, 1 emm1.70, 4 emm12.0 and 1 emm12.7 , Emm75.0 type 1 strain. Conclusion The epidemic situation of scarlet fever in Zibo City showed a fluctuating decline during the 59 years. The incidence of the scarlet fever showed obvious periodicity and seasonality. The main epidemic strains of GAS in Zibo City in 2013 and 2014 are emm1.0 and emm12.0. Pupils and nurseries are at high risk and should be the focus of prevention and control work.