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目的了解延安市法定传染病发病趋势和流行特征,为制定传染病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对延安市2005—2010年法定报告传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2005—2010年延安市报告法定传染病26种,发病数40 619例,死亡34例,年均发病率为315.45/10万,死亡率0.26/10万,病死率为0.08%。2005—2007年发病率呈下降势态,此后又呈上升趋势;无甲类传染病报告。病毒性肝炎、肺结核、痢疾、流行性腮腺炎、梅毒等,病毒性肝炎、梅毒的发病率一直呈上升趋势。呼吸道传染病3—8月份报告发病数相对较高,男女性别比1.55∶1,15～54岁发病数较高,职业分布以农民、学生为多。结论延安市法定报告传染病发病趋势起伏不定,防治工作不容乐观,仍要进一步加强,特别是呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播传染病以及新发传染病的监测和防制是延安市传染病预防控制工作的重点。
Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Yan’an and to provide a scientific basis for the development of epidemic prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of statutory reported communicable diseases in Yan’an from 2005 to 2010. Results In 2005-2010, 26 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Yan’an City, with a total of 40 619 cases and 34 deaths. The annual average incidence was 315.45 / 100 000, the death rate was 0.26 / 100,000 and the case fatality rate was 0.08%. The incidence declined from 2005 to 2007 and then rose again; there was no report of class A infectious disease. Viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, dysentery, mumps, syphilis, etc., the incidence of viral hepatitis, syphilis has been on the rise. The number of respiratory infectious diseases reported in March-August was relatively high, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.55: 1 and a high incidence of 15- to 54-year-olds. Occupational distribution was dominated by peasants and students. Conclusion The trend of legal reporting of infectious diseases in Yan’an fluctuates and the prevention and control work is not optimistic. It is still necessary to further strengthen the monitoring and control of respiratory infectious diseases, blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections and newly-occurring infectious diseases. It is an epidemic of infectious diseases in Yan’an City Prevention and control of the focus.