目的:比较机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术(RALPN)与后腹腔镜肾部分切除术(RLPN)治疗肾肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月~2015年2月我院133例行泌尿系CT检查诊断为肾肿瘤并行RLPN或RALPN的数据,RLPN为73例,RALPN为60例。通过手术时间、热缺血时间、血红蛋白下降值、住院时间、并发症等方面对两组手术的近期疗效进行比较。结果:除RLPN组有3例改开放手术外,两组患者均成功完成手术。RALPN组与RLPN组相比,手术时间分别为(140.9±51.6)min和(178.5±54.36)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),热缺血时间、血红蛋白下降值、术中输血率、住院天数及并发症的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后病理肿瘤切缘均为阴性。RALPN组1例术后急性脑梗;RLPN组1例术后肠梗阻,1例术后继发出血。两组患者随访期间均无瘤生存。结论:RALPN是一种安全、有效的治疗肾肿瘤的微创术式。 Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) in the treatment of renal tumors. Methods: The data of 133 RLPN or RALPN patients diagnosed as renal tumors by retrograde CT scan of our hospital from May 2013 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 73 cases of RLPN and 60 cases of RALPN. Through the operation time, warm ischemia time, hemoglobin decline, hospital stay, complications and other aspects of the short-term efficacy of the two groups were compared. Results: In addition to the three cases of RLPN group to change the open surgery, the two groups of patients were successfully completed surgery. The operative time was (140.9 ± 51.6) min and (178.5 ± 54.36) min in RALPN group compared with RLPN group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), the duration of warm ischemia, hemoglobin drop, intraoperative blood transfusion rate , The days of hospitalization and complications were not statistically different (P> 0.05). Postoperative pathological tumor margin were negative. One patient had acute cerebral infarction in RALPN group, one patient had postoperative intestinal obstruction in RLPN group, and one patient had secondary hemorrhage after operation. Two groups of patients were tumor-free during follow-up. Conclusion: RALPN is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical treatment of renal tumors.