美国著名历史学家、哈佛大学教授老阿瑟·施莱辛格(Arthur Schlesinge Sr.)曾撰文称,美国向世界做出了诸如联邦主义原则、慈善精神、公立学校等十项贡献。对此,美国著名环境史学家罗德里克·纳什(Roderick Nash)认为:“他本来应该再加上一项——国家公园。”~([1])从1872年创建的黄石公园算起,美国国家公园已经历近一个半世纪的发展历程,被世界公认为人类保护自然的典范,有着“美国从未有过的最佳创意”的美誉~([2])。作为学术研究 Arthur Schlesinge Sr., a famous American historian and professor at Harvard University, once wrote that the United States has made 10 contributions to the world such as the principle of federalism, charity, and public schools. In this regard, Roderick Nash, a famous American environmental historian, thinks: “He should have added another national park.” [1] From Yellowstone Park, founded in 1872 Since its inception, the U.S. National Park has been developing for nearly a century and a half. It has been recognized by the world as a model of mankind’s protection of nature and has the reputation of “the best idea America has ever had” ([2]). As academic research