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[目的]研究青霉、木霉对平菇菌丝生长的影响,并筛选用于防控空气及环境中病原菌的有效消毒液。[方法]在平菇生长PDA培养基上接种霉菌开展菌丝对峙试验,观察相交时两者菌丝生长状况。研究过氧化氢、新洁尔灭、84消毒液、来苏尔、高锰酸钾、75%医用酒精对侧耳木霉、绿色木霉、哈茨木霉、桔青霉、托姆青霉和短密青霉共6种青霉、木霉菌株的生长抑制作用。[结果]菌丝对峙试验表明,青霉、木霉菌对平菇的危害主要有争夺营养、竞争性杀伤菌丝、产生拮抗、侵袭缠绕穿透平菇营养菌丝、产生毒素毒害生长菌丝。6种消毒液对不同的霉菌抑制作用各有不同,均有一定的抑制,效果强弱与霉菌的不同属有明显的区别。新洁尔灭对6种霉菌的抑制作用差异显著,3%过氧化氢、84消毒液、5%来苏尔、高锰酸钾和75%酒精对3种木霉作用差异不显著,对3种青霉作用差异显著。[结论]新洁尔灭对青霉木霉菌的预防抑制效果显著,可作为生产中消毒防杂用药使用。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of Penicillium and Trichoderma on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and to screen the effective disinfectant for prevention and control of pathogens in air and environment. [Method] The mycelial confrontation test was carried out on the growth medium of Pleurotus ostreatus on PDA medium to observe the mycelium growth status at the time of crossing. To study the effects of hydrogen peroxide, benzalkonium chloride, 84 disinfectant, lyso, potassium permanganate, 75% medical alcohol against T. eutropha, T. viride, T. harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, A total of 6 kinds of Penicillium, Trichoderma strains growth inhibition. [Result] The experiments of mycelial confrontation showed that the harm of Penicillium and Trichoderma to Pleurotus ostreatus was mainly for nutrition, competitive killing of mycelium, antagonism, invasion and entanglement of Pleurotus ostreatus vegetative hyphae, and toxin production. The six kinds of disinfectant have different inhibitory effects on different molds, all have certain inhibition, the effect is strong and the different genus of mold is obviously different. There were significant differences in the inhibitory effect of benzalkonium bromide on the six fungi. The effects of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 84 disinfectant, 5% Sur, potassium permanganate and 75% ethanol on the three Trichoderma strains were not significant. The difference is significant. [Conclusion] Bromhidrosis was effective in preventing and controlling Trichoderma sp., And could be used as disinfectant and anti-miscellaneous medicine in the production.