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为量化27年连续施用化肥及其与猪粪、稻草配施处理对双季稻区土壤质量的影响,选择土壤容重、最大持水量、孔隙度、标准化平均质量直径、pH、阳离子交换量、有效养分、土壤有机质、微生物生物量碳、土壤酶和作物生产力等项目作为评价指标,并根据不同指标所具有的功能归纳为:抗物理退化的能力、养分供应和贮藏的能力、抗生物化学退化的能力、保持作物生产力的能力4项功能,以这4项功能为基础划分土壤质量指数(SQI).结果表明:SQI等级范围为0.544(CK)～0.729(施氮磷钾肥+稻草处理).与施氮磷钾肥(NPK)处理土壤相比,长期非均衡施肥的PK、NP、NK处理土壤质量发生了退化.土壤缺磷和缺钾是限制水稻生产力的主要因素,即使每年施用30t.hm-2猪粪或4.2t.hm-2稻草也不能达到满足高产水稻所需要的土壤磷、钾含量水平.长期施用石灰对红壤水稻土质量的提升效果不明显.在南方红壤水稻种植区,氮、磷、钾与有机肥配施是提升土壤质量的最佳措施.
In order to quantify the effect of 27-year continuous application of chemical fertilizers and their combination with pig manure and straw on the soil quality of double cropping paddy, soil bulk density, maximum water holding capacity, porosity, normalized average mass diameter, pH and cation exchange capacity were selected Nutrients, soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, soil enzymes and crop productivity were evaluated as indicators and their functions according to different indicators were summarized as: resistance to physical degradation, nutrient supply and storage capacity, resistance to biochemical degradation Ability and ability to maintain crop productivity, and the soil quality index (SQI) was divided based on these four functions.The results showed that the SQI ranged from 0.544 (CK) to 0.729 (NPK + straw). Compared with NPK treatment, the soil quality degraded under long-term, non-balanced fertilization of PK, NP and NK treatments.Phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency were the main factors limiting the rice productivity, even though annual application of 30t.hm- 2 pig manure or 4.2t.hm-2 straw could not reach the levels of soil phosphorus and potassium needed by high-yielding rice.The effect of long-term application of lime on the quality of paddy soils in red soil was unknown Significantly, it is the best measure to improve the soil quality that the application of N, P, K and organic manure in the red soil paddy planting area in South China.