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本研究利用煤汽化尿素生产工艺制备6种改性缓释尿素(功能性吸附材料添加量分别为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6%),通过砂柱淋溶、氨挥发气室试验和田间玉米试验,以普通尿素为对照,分析功能性吸附材料添加量与尿素缓释特征和田间肥效的关系,探讨适于玉米生产的改性缓释尿素功能性吸附材料最优添加量,为基质缓释肥的研发与农业应用提供借鉴。结果表明:缓释尿素中氮素释放特征可用一级动力学方程N_t=N_0(1-e~(-bx))拟合,其氮素释放速率常数(b)比普通尿素下降67.4%~82.6%,累积氨挥发损失比普通尿素下降15.8%~39.3%。玉米栽培试验中,耕层土壤速效氮含量随功能性吸附材料添加量的提高呈增加趋势,同时玉米叶片中叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性呈增加趋势。借助一元三次模型拟合玉米产量性状与功能性吸附材料添加量的关系发现,功能性吸附材料添加量为5.28%、4.80%、5.24%和4.76%的缓释尿素可分别获得理论最高玉米生物学产量(15 829 kg·hm~(-2))、地上部生物量(164.0 g·plant~(-1))、根系生物量(26.9 g·plant~(–1))和籽粒产量(6 769 kg·hm~(–2))。综上,基质型缓释尿素的功能性吸附材料具有较好的减少氮素淋溶和氨挥发、改善玉米氮素营养、提高玉米产量的作用,5%的添加量更有利于玉米生物量和产量提高。
In this study, six kinds of modified slow-release urea (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%) were prepared by the coal-vaporized urea production process. Ammonia volatilization chamber test and field corn test. The relationship between the amount of functional adsorbent material and the sustained-release characteristics of urea and the field fertilizer efficiency was analyzed, and the relationship between the functionalized sorbent material Excellent add amount, provide a reference for the research and development of agricultural fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer. The results showed that the nitrogen release characteristics of slow release urea could be fitted by the first order kinetic equation N_t = N_0 (1-e ~ (-bx)), and its nitrogen release rate constant (b) decreased 67.4% ~ 82.6 %, Cumulative ammonia volatilization loss than ordinary urea decreased 15.8% to 39.3%. In maize experiment, available nitrogen content in topsoil increased with the increase of functional adsorbent addition, while chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves increased. The relationship between the yield traits and the amount of functional sorbent material fitted by a one-yuan three-times model found that the maximum amount of functional sorbent material was 5.28%, 4.80%, 5.24% and 4.76% (15 829 kg · hm -2), aboveground biomass (164.0 g · plant -1), root biomass (26.9 g · plant -1) and grain yield kg · hm -2). In summary, the functional sorption material of matrix-type slow-release urea has a better effect of reducing nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization, improving nitrogen nutrition of corn and increasing corn yield. The addition amount of 5% is more beneficial to corn biomass and Production increased.