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基于SBM模型,引入非期望产出,测算了我国2004—2012年的生态效率,分别从区域平均效率角度与规模效应角度阐释我国生态效率的时空演变趋势,并基于环境规制的角度,利用逐步回归法探析影响我国生态效率的因素。结果显示:第一,我国现阶段整体生态效率呈现下降趋势;东部地区生态效率最高,西部次之,中部地区最低。第二,我国各区域生态效率的规模效应均小于1,说明规模效应不是生态效率差异的主要原因;从变化趋势来看,东部地区与中部地区规模效应呈下降趋势,西部地区规模效应呈上升趋势。第三,现阶段环境规制对生态效率的提高具有一定的负效应,“波特假说”在现阶段的中国是不存在的;环境库兹涅茨曲线在生态效率改善中是显著存在的。
Based on the SBM model, the non-expected output was introduced to estimate the ecological efficiency in China from 2004 to 2012. The spatial-temporal evolution trend of ecological efficiency in China was explained respectively from the perspective of regional average efficiency and scale effect. Based on the environmental regulation, Law Analysis of Factors Affecting China ’s Ecological Efficiency. The results show that: First, the overall ecological efficiency of our country shows a downward trend; the eastern region has the highest ecological efficiency, followed by the western region and the lowest in the central region. Second, the scale effects of ecological efficiency in all regions of China are less than 1, indicating that the scale effect is not the main reason for the difference in ecological efficiency. From the perspective of the change trend, the scale effect in the eastern region and the central region shows a downward trend while that in the western region shows an upward trend . Thirdly, the current environmental regulation has some negative effects on the improvement of ecological efficiency. However, the “Porter hypothesis” does not exist in China at this stage. The environmental Kuznets curve is significant in the improvement of ecological efficiency .