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由于人类的Y染色体很大部分是异染色质,所以它易发生形态学变化,而且可能只包含几个基因。直到1975年,还没有结构基因或调节基因定位于Y染色体,而目前已知定位于X染色体上的基因达100个以上。Y染色体的公认的作用只是决定男性,因为甚至在有一个以上的X染色体时,Y染色体在决定男性作用中仍起决定性作用。细胞遗传学技术的改进、免疫学和分子遗传学方面的进展,使这些领域的工作者有可能更正确地确定和将睾丸决定基因定位于人的Y染色体上。本文对人类Y染色体的形态学和功能进行综述。
Because most human Y chromosomes are heterochromatin, it is susceptible to morphological changes and may contain only a few genes. Until 1975, no structural gene or regulatory gene has been mapped to the Y chromosome, and there are currently over 100 genes located on the X chromosome. The recognized role of the Y chromosome is only to determine men, as the Y chromosome is still decisive in determining men’s effects even with more than one X chromosome. Advances in cytogenetic technology, immunology and molecular genetics have made it possible for workers in these fields to more accurately determine and map the testis-determining genes to the human Y chromosome. This article reviews the human Y chromosome morphology and function.