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通过对青海湖地区刚察县泉吉乡草地土壤入渗实验、孔隙度测定与粒度测定,研究了高草地土壤与低草地土壤的入渗特征和土壤蓄水性。结果表明,研究区域内高草地土壤的稳定入渗率较大,平均为3.1 mm·min~(-1);低草地土壤的稳定入渗率较小,平均为1.6 mm·min~(-1);高草地达到稳定入渗的时间较低草地短80 min左右。通用经验公式对青海湖泉吉乡高草地土壤入渗实验数据的拟合最为适合,而霍顿公式对于低草地土壤入渗实验数据拟合最为适合。高草地草本植物根系发育深,受根系影响的土壤疏松层较低草地深厚是造成高草地土壤渗透性较低草地大的主要原因。青海湖土壤粒度成分较粗,土层薄是该区土壤稳定入渗率较黄土大和在较短时间内能够达到稳定入渗状态的主要原因。虽然青海湖地区土壤渗透性较强,但该区土壤厚度较小,土壤水库蓄水能力有限,调蓄能力较差,不能满足乔森林发育的需要,但基本能够满足草原植被生长的需要。
Through the soil infiltration experiment, porosity determination and particle size determination of the grassland in Quanji County, Qinghai Lake region, the infiltration characteristics and soil water storage of the high grassland and the lowland soil were studied. The results showed that the stable infiltration rate of the high grassland soil in the study area was large, with an average of 3.1 mm · min -1. The stable infiltration rate of the low grassland soil was small with an average of 1.6 mm · min -1 ). The time of reaching stable infiltration in high-grade grassland is about 80 min shorter than that of grassland. The general empirical formula is most suitable for fitting the experimental data of soil infiltration in the high grassland of Quanji Lake, Qinghai Province, and the Horton formula is most suitable for fitting the experimental data of soil infiltration in low grassland. The deep root system of herbaceous plants in the high grassland and the deep soil layer of loose soil in the grassland affected by the root system are the main reasons for the large grassland permeability in the lower grassland. The main reason for the steady infiltration state of Qinghai Lake is the coarse grain size and thin soil layer, which is the reason that the stable infiltration rate of soil in this area is larger than that of the loess. Although the soil permeability in Qinghai Lake area is relatively strong, the soil thickness in this area is small, the soil water storage capacity is limited and the storage capacity is poor, which can not meet the development needs of Qiao forest. However, it can basically meet the needs of vegetation growth.