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完形填空是一种基于格式塔心理学的题型,通过学生对语篇所缺语词的补充考查学生建构语篇整体的能力。高考的完形填空是考查学生在语境中选择恰当的语词完成语篇表达的能力,具体包括语篇理解能力以及在具体语境中准确运用语词的能力。完形填空对于阅读理解能力的考查分两个层面:一是语篇本身一般为学生有些内容熟悉而有些内容不熟悉的语篇,这样可以考查学生的图式建构能力。二是考查在语篇语境中,学生选择恰当的语词完成短文的能力,学生要理解语篇、词义才能选择恰当的答案,所以语词选择以语篇图式和词汇词义理解为前提的。对于语篇的理解能力,完形填空试题主要考查学生基于已有图式理解语篇的能力,也就是图式激活与建构的能力。基于完形填空已成为英语测试的固定题型,笔者在此设计了完形填空题型能力指向的整体备考复习方案。
Cloophing is a type of problem based on Gestalt psychology. Students ’ability to construct the whole discourse is examined by students’ supplementation of the missing words in the discourse. Cloze of college entrance examination is to examine students’ ability to choose appropriate words in context to complete discourse expression, including the ability of discourse comprehension and accurate use of words in specific contexts. Cloaking for reading comprehension of the test is divided into two levels: First, the discourse itself is generally familiar with some of the content of the students are not familiar with some of the discourse content, so you can examine the ability of students to construct graphics. The second is to examine the ability of the students to choose the appropriate words to complete the essay in the context of the discourse. Students should understand the texts before they can choose the appropriate answer. Therefore, the choice of words should be based on the discourse schema and vocabulary meaning. For the ability to understand discourse, cloze test questions mainly examine the ability of students to understand discourse based on the existing schemata, which is the ability of schema activation and construction. Based on the fact that Cloak has become a fixed problem in English testing, I have designed an overall pro forma review plan for Cloaking Capability.