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现代工业的快速发展,石油基聚合物过度消耗引发了非可再生资源短缺和环境污染双重危机,同时也激发人类利用天然高分子材料创造绿色新材料。纤维素作为地球上当今自然界中储量最大的天然高分子原材料,由于其极强的可再生性,广泛的应用,低廉的成本,良好的生物相容性和易降解性备受关注。与此同时,纤维素气凝胶作为继无机气凝胶及杂化聚合物气凝胶之后逐渐兴起的第三代气凝胶材料,在兼具传统气凝胶高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度性质基础上融入纤维素材料可重复再生、易降解、相容性好等特性,同时还具备了良好的机械性能和延展性,在隔热、吸附、催化、电磁、生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景,成为了新材料研究的热点之一。从纤维素的溶解及纤维素基气凝胶材料的制备与改性入手,介绍了纤维素基气凝胶的性能提升及功能性开发最新研究结果,综述了纤维素基气凝胶材料在不同领域应用进展,并对纤维素基气凝胶材料的未来发展进行展望。
The rapid development of modern industry and over-consumption of petroleum-based polymers have led to the dual crisis of shortage of non-renewable resources and environmental pollution. At the same time, human beings are encouraged to use natural polymer materials to create new green materials. Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer raw material in the world today, has drawn much attention due to its strong regenerability, wide range of applications, low cost, good biocompatibility and easy biodegradability. At the same time, as a third generation of airgel material that is gradually emerging after inorganic airgel and hybrid polymer airgel, cellulose airgel has the advantages of high specific surface area, high porosity, Based on the low-density properties, the cellulose materials can be regenerated repeatedly, easily degraded and has good compatibility. In addition, it has good mechanical properties and ductility and has the advantages in thermal insulation, adsorption, catalysis, electromagnetism, biomedicine and other fields A wide range of applications, has become one of the hot spots in the research of new materials. Starting with the dissolution of cellulose and the preparation and modification of cellulose-based aerogels, the latest research results on the performance improvement and functional development of cellulose-based aerogels were introduced. The effects of cellulose-based aerogels in different Field application progress, and prospects of the future development of cellulose-based aerogels.