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目的观察破乳剂生产过程中产生的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷对作业工人健康的影响。方法对破乳剂生产过程进行调查,并进行生产环境空气检测和对52名生产工人(接触组)及53名对照组工人体检,做肌电图、实验室检查等。结果破乳剂生产空气中环氧乙烷浓度为4.8mg/m3、环氧丙烷为4.6mg/m3。接触组工人神经衰弱症候群、流泪、咽痛、食欲不振、乏力、肢体麻木等症状与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=10.78,6.18,8.73,6.88,45.0,21.24,P<0.01)。跟腱反射、膝反射减退,慢性咽炎、鼻炎,面部痤疮、脱发、肺纹理增多等体征与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ2=8.73,6.78,5.79,8.00,5.79,12.76,12.0,20.05,P<0.01)。轻度外周神经损伤率(40.4%)与对照组(9.4%)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.50,P<0.01)。两组血清IgA、IgG、IgM比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率(CA)、姐妹染色单体互换率(SCE)、微核率(MC)与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论破乳剂生产环境能够刺激呼吸道黏膜,可影响中枢神经和外周神经,无致突变作用。
Objective To observe the effects of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide on workers’ health in the process of demulsifier production. Methods The production process of demulsifier was investigated and the air in the production environment was tested. The physical examination of 52 workers (contact group) and 53 control workers were performed electromyogram and laboratory tests. Results Demulsifier air production ethylene oxide concentration of 4.8mg / m3, propylene oxide 4.6mg / m3. Compared with the control group, the symptoms of neuropathic syndrome, tearing, sore throat, loss of appetite, weakness and limb numbness in the contact group were statistically significant (χ2 = 10.78,6.18,8.73,6.88,45.0,21.24, P <0.01) ). Achilles tendon reflex, knee reflex, chronic pharyngitis, rhinitis, facial acne, hair loss, increased lung markings and other signs compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 8.73,6.78,5.79,8.00,5.79,12.76,12.0 , 20.05, P <0.01). Mild peripheral nerve injury rate (40.4%) compared with the control group (9.4%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.50, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in serum IgA, IgG and IgM between the two groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in chromosome aberration rate (CA), sister chromatid exchange rate (SCE) and micronucleus rate (MC) between the control group and the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion Demulsifier production environment can stimulate respiratory mucosa, can affect the central and peripheral nerves, no mutagenic effect.