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人参的有效成分主要是人参皂甙。它的结构有两个类型:其一为达马烷(Dammarane)型四环三萜皂甙,如以酸水解,则C_(18)上羟基与双键环化成环醚,形成人参二醇(pananadiol)和人参三醇(panaxatriol)。后两种是人参的主要有效成分。其二为齐墩果烷(Oleanane)型,五环三萜皂甙,酸水解后所得甙元为齐墩果酸,也是人参的有效成分之一。日本柴田承二用层析法已从人参申分得10多种人参皂甙单体,并分别命名为人参皂甙(Ginsenoside)R_0,R_a,R_(b1),R_(b2),R_(b3),R_c,R_d,R_e,R_f,R_(?),R_(g2)及R_h,经结构研究确定:R_(b1),R_(b2),R_c
The active ingredient of ginseng is mainly ginsenosides. Its structure is of two types: one is a Dammarane type tetracyclic triterpene saponin. If it is acid-hydrolyzed, then the hydroxyl and double bond on C 18 will be cyclized into a cyclic ether to form pananadiol. ) and panaxatriol. The latter two are the main active ingredients of ginseng. The second is Oleanane type, pentacyclic triterpene saponin, acid obtained after hydrolysis of oleanolic acid, is also one of the active ingredients of ginseng. Japanese Shibata Kenji has obtained more than 10 ginsenoside monomers from ginseng by chromatography, and named them Ginsenoside R_0, R_a, R_(b1), R_(b2), R_(b3), respectively. R_c, R_d, R_e, R_f, R_(?), R_(g2) and R_h, determined by structural studies: R_(b1), R_(b2), R_c