Autologous adipose tissue is one of the most commonly used fillers. Plastic surgeons are increasingly using it in aesthetic or reconstructive surgery owing to i
Background Through precise understanding of the vascular anatomy of the breast, the lower segment of the breast could be harvested as a pedicled or free flap fo
Over the past few decades, biomaterials have made rapid advances in tissue engineering. In particular, there have been several studies on vascularization during