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关于执政党的宪法地位,在新中国成立之前,国民党政权曾经在宪法文本中明确规定了“以党代政”的“党治”模式。新中国成立后,1949年《共同纲领》和1954年《宪法》在规定中国共产党作为执政党的宪法地位的同时,并未赋予执政党享有高于宪法之上的特权。1975年《宪法》和1978年《宪法》受“文革”极左思潮的影响,在宪法文本中充分肯定了执政党对国家的领导地位以及“党政不分”的党的领导高于国家政权建设的政治体制。1982年《宪法》继承和恢复了1954年《宪法》的优良传统,在宪法文本中科学地确立了中国共产党作为执政党的宪法地位,并通过三次修宪活动,不断丰富执政党宪法地位的宪法内涵。特别是现行宪法明确了政党与宪法的关系,肯定了“党在宪法和法律的范围内活动”的“法治”原则,全面和科学地界定了执政党的宪法地位。
As for the constitutional status of the ruling party, prior to the founding of new China, the Kuomintang regime once explicitly stipulated the “party governance” model of “substituting the party for government” in the constitutional text. After the founding of New China, the “Common Program” in 1949 and the 1954 Constitution did not give the ruling party the privilege of being above the constitution, while stipulating the constitutional status of the CPC as the ruling party. The Constitution of 1975 and the Constitution of 1978 were influenced by the ultra-leftist ideology of the “Cultural Revolution.” In the constitutional text, it fully affirmed the leadership of the ruling party over the state and the party’s leadership of “party and government” Higher than the political system of state power. The Constitution of 1982 inherited and restored the fine tradition of the 1954 Constitution and scientifically established the constitutional status of the Chinese Communist Party as the ruling party and passed the constitutional amendment three times to enrich the constitutional status of the ruling party Connotation. In particular, the current Constitution has clearly defined the relationship between the political parties and the Constitution, affirmed the principle of “the rule of law” of “the activities of the Party within the framework of the Constitution and laws”, and comprehensively and scientifically defined the constitutional status of the ruling party.