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犯罪构成四要件理论对我国来说是一个舶来品,在从前苏联引进之初,就开始延续了前苏联学者们对犯罪构成要件理解的误解,将有特殊作用的构成要件理论理解为犯罪认定成立的一般要件。我国属于大陆法系,而传统大陆法系国家的刑法犯罪构成要件是三阶层理论,我国的四要件与具有层次性传统大陆法系国家的三阶层犯罪论体系也迥然不同。与此同时,英美法系的犯罪构成理论体系是一种二元的结构模式,注重程序正当,体现了保护人权的机能。不同法系国家,乃至属于同一法系不同的国家,由于政治问题、法学传统、法律文化背景和法学理论研究发展水平不同,犯罪构成要件理论的内容和体现出来的科学程度也不相同。研究犯罪构成要件理论体系的问题以及不同国家和地区体系的差异,归根到底是为科学的重构我国犯罪构成理论体系提供借鉴,并扫清技术上的障碍。
The theory of the four components of the constitution of crime is a stranger to our country. Since the introduction of the former Soviet Union, it has continued the misunderstanding of the former Soviet Union’s understanding of the constitutional elements of crime. The theory of constitutional elements with special effects is understood as the establishment of criminal identification General requirements. China belongs to the civil law system. However, the constitutional elements of the criminal law in the traditional civil law countries are the three-stratum theory. The four elements of our country are also quite different from those of the third-class crime system in the traditional civil law countries. At the same time, Anglo-American legal system constitutes a dual structure of crime theory, focusing on the due process, embodies the protection of human rights functions. Due to different levels of research and development in political issues, legal traditions, legal and cultural backgrounds, and jurisprudence, the content of the constitutional elements of crime and the scientific degrees embodied by them vary from legal system to legal system. The study of the theoretical system of crime constitutional elements as well as the differences between different countries and regions in the final analysis provide scientific basis for the reconstruction of the theoretical system of criminal constitution in our country and clear the technical obstacles.