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目的探讨现场监测与定点监测发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)阳性人群的流行病学特征,为有效发现HIV阳性病例提供防治依据。方法在广西艾滋病高发区选择某县,获取2013年1月1日~2014年3月31日发现报告的HIV阳性数据(定点监测),同期对当地常住人口进行现场HIV抗体检测同时收集相关信息(现场监测)。运用对应分析法分析两种疾病监测方式下发现的HIV阳性人群流行病学特征间的关联性。结果现场监测214 586人,发现阳性1 195例,发现率0.56%(1 195/214 586);定点监测151 365人,发现阳性584例,发现率0.39%(584/151 365),现场监测发现率高于定点监测(X~2=53.69,P<0.001);对应分析显示,现场监测更容易发现“年龄在55~岁、文盲/小学文化、农村、异性传播、HIV感染者和CD4细胞计数≥200(个/mm~3)”的特征人群;定点监测更容易发现“30~岁、初中高中及以上文化、城镇、艾滋病、其他传播途径和CD4细胞计数<200(个/mm~3)”的特征人群。结论实施现场监测有利于发现非病症感染者,老年人群、低文化程度和农村人群是HIV感染的重点高危人群。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population detected by on-site and site-directed surveillance and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of HIV positive cases. Methods Select a county in a high incidence area of HIV / AIDS in Guangxi and get the HIV positive data (sentinel surveillance) reported from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014. In the meantime, live HIV antibody test was conducted on the local resident population and the related information was collected Site monitoring). Correspondence analysis was used to analyze the association between the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive people found in the two disease surveillance methods. RESULTS: A total of 214 586 patients were detected on site, of which 1 195 were positive and the detection rate was 0.56% (1 195/214 586). A total of 151 365 persons were detected by point-point monitoring. A total of 584 patients were found, with a detection rate of 0.39% (584/151 365) The corresponding analysis showed that on-site monitoring made it easier to find that “people aged 55 ~ 55 years old, illiterate / primary school, rural areas, heterosexual transmission, HIV-infected persons and CD4 cells Counting> 200 (a / mm ~ 3) ”characteristic population; fixed-point monitoring easier to find “ 30 ~ years of age, junior high school and high school and culture, town, AIDS, other routes of transmission and CD4 count <200 ~ 3) ”characteristics of the crowd. Conclusion The implementation of on-site monitoring is conducive to the discovery of non-illness infection, the elderly, low education level and rural population are the key high-risk groups of HIV infection.