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目的了解医学院校大学生吸烟行为发生状况、烟草危害知识知晓程度和相关态度,探讨家庭社会地位和其他相关因素对其吸烟行为的影响。方法整群抽取长沙市2所综合性院校中所有医学类专业2 892名二、三年级学生进行一般人口学资料和吸烟相关的知识、态度和行为调查。结果在2 814名医学生中,尝试吸烟率为30.6%(男生53.3%,女生18.3%),现在吸烟率为3.8%(男生10.3%,女生0.3%),每日吸烟率为0.6%(男生1.5%,女生0.1%);首次尝试吸烟行为主要发生在小学阶段(65.5%);农村学生尝试吸烟率高于城市学生(32.8%vs.28.1%),但每日吸烟率低于城市学生(0.3%vs.0.9%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);非吸烟者烟草危害知识知晓程度和拒绝吸烟的意愿均高于吸烟者(P<0.01);Spearman相关分析结果显示,家庭社会经济地位与医学生尝试吸烟率呈负相关(r=-0.64,P<0.01),与烟草危害知识和吸烟态度得分均呈正相关(r=0.071、0.077,P<0.01);多因素分析结果显示,男性、父母均吸烟、室友吸烟、亲密朋友吸烟、家庭社会地位较低和拒绝吸烟态度较弱是医学生尝试吸烟行为的危险因素;男性、室友吸烟、亲密朋友吸烟和拒绝吸烟态度较弱是医学生现在吸烟行为的危险因素。结论医学生吸烟行为受家庭社会经济地位影响,在医学院校大学生中开展的控烟行动应结合家庭和同伴的参与。
Objective To understand the prevalence of smoking behavior, awareness of tobacco hazards and related attitudes in medical college students, and explore the impact of family social status and other related factors on smoking behavior. Methods A total of 2,892 second and third grade students from 2 medical colleges in 2 comprehensive universities in Changsha were enrolled in this study to investigate general population information and smoking related knowledge, attitude and behavior. Results Among 2 814 medical students, the smoking prevalence was 30.6% (53.3% for boys and 18.3% for girls), and the current smoking rate was 3.8% (10.3% for boys and 0.3% for girls), and the daily smoking rate was 0.6% (boys 1.5 %, Girls 0.1%). The first attempt of smoking mainly occurred in primary school (65.5%). The prevalence of smoking among rural students was higher than that of city students (32.8% vs.28.1%), but the daily smoking rate was lower than that of city students % vs.0.9%, respectively) (P <0.05). The level of awareness of non-smokers with regard to tobacco hazard knowledge and willingness to refuse smoking were higher than those of smokers (P <0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that family Socioeconomic status was negatively correlated with smoking prevalence rate of medical students (r = -0.64, P <0.01), and was positively correlated with tobacco risk knowledge and smoking attitude scores (r = 0.071,0.077, P <0.01). The results of multivariate analysis Showed that males, parents smoking, roommate smoking, close friends smoking, family social status and refusal to smoke were weak risk factors for medical students to try smoking behavior; men, roommates smoking, close friends smoking and refusing to smoke were weaker Medical students are now smoking risk factors. Conclusion The smoking behavior of medical students is affected by the social and economic status of the family. Tobacco control activities among medical college students should be based on family and peer participation.