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在研究西藏历史中,1793年清朝政府在平定廓尔喀侵藏后颁布的《钦定藏内善后章程》二十九条,是一份具有重要意义的历史文献。它总结了元朝以来历代中央政府对藏施政的经验教训,对中央政府的治藏政策进行了重大改革,标志着清朝对西藏的主权管辖达到了较为完善的法律化阶段。但是,国外某些学者不顾历史事实,从历史或国际法角度歪曲理解“二十九条”,否认其主权性质,认为18世纪的满藏关系是以施主与僧人关系为基础的保护权关系,清王朝是保护国,达赖喇嘛统治下的西藏是中国的被保护国,1793年的章程就是确立上述中藏保护权关系的条约。持这种观点的学者一般是将18
In the study of the history of Tibet, the 299 articles of the Qin Dynasty, which were enacted after the Gyeongju Gurkha settlement in 1793, were a historical document of great significance. It summarizes the experience and lessons of the successive central governments’ administration of Tibet since the Yuan Dynasty, and carried out major reforms to the Central Government’s Tibet policy. This marked a complete legal stage for the sovereignty over Tibet of the Qing Dynasty. However, some scholars abroad disregard historical facts and distort the understanding of “Article 29” from the perspective of history or international law. They denied the sovereignty nature of the relationship between Tibet and Tibet in the 18th century as the basis of protection and the relationship between the rights of the protectors and the monks The dynasty was a protectorate and Tibet under the Dalai Lama’s rule was China’s protected country. The 1793 charter was a treaty that established the above-mentioned relationship between Tibet and Tibet. Scholars who hold this view are generally 18