目的:探讨阴道彩超(TVS)及MRI对于子宫肌腺症的诊断价值以及误诊原因。方法:收集经手术病理确诊为子宫肌腺症患者40例,均在术前1月内实施TVS以及MRI检查,比较分析两种方法的诊断准确率以及误诊原因。结果:TVS对子宫肌腺症的诊断准确率为75.0%,显著高于MRI的55.0%;TVS的误诊率和漏诊率分别为12.5%、12.5%,显著低于MRI的20.0%、25.0%(P<0.05)。结论:TVS对子宫肌腺症的诊断准确率显著高于MRI,影像学特征缺乏典型性以及合并其他疾病是导致误诊漏诊的主要原因。分析影像学表现并结合临床表现、合并症等,有利于提高诊断准确率。 Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of vaginal ultrasound (TVS) and MRI on myo-adenomyosis and the causes of misdiagnosis. Methods: Totally 40 patients with pathologically diagnosed as adenomyosis were enrolled. TVS and MRI were performed within 1 month before operation. The diagnostic accuracy and misdiagnosis of the two methods were compared. Results: The diagnostic accuracy rate of TVS for adenomyosis was 75.0%, which was significantly higher than that of MRI (55.0%). The misdiagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of TVS were 12.5% ​​and 12.5% ​​respectively, significantly lower than 20.0% and 25.0% P <0.05). Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of TVS for the diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis is significantly higher than that of MRI. The lack of typical imaging features and the combination of other diseases are the main causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Analysis of imaging findings combined with clinical manifestations, complications, etc., is conducive to improving the diagnostic accuracy.