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Objective To be released specifically after myocardial damage. The goal of this study was to measure serum cardiac troponin I levels after open heart surgery in children, and to evaluate relevance between TnTi and perioperative multi-factors. Methods Fifty-seven consecutive pediatric patients undergoing elective correction of congenital heart diseases were divided into group A (TOF, n=31) and group B (VSD, n=26). Blood samples were drawn preoperatively, 5min(T0), 6h(T6), 12h(T12), 24h(T24), 48h(T48), 72h(T72) after removal of aortic cross clamping. Myocardial protection consisted of moderate systemic hypothermia (30℃～ 32℃), cold crystalloid cardioplegia and topical cooling. Demographic information, cardiac defect, repair procedure, duration of bypass (CPBT), cross-clamping time (CCT), clinical score for cardiac function, electrocardiographic changes and outcomes were recorded. Results Compared with the baseline value, serum concentration of troponin I peaked at T0 (P0.05). Peak CTnI was 118 and 55 times higher than the baseline value, respectively in group A and group B.There was a positive correlation between peak CTnI and CPBT, CCT (r=0.51; P