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播种期是影响夏玉米产量的重要因素,石开究夏玉米最适播种期的时空分布特征对指导夏玉米生产有重要意义.本文应用统计模型和APSIM-Maize过程模型分析了河南省夏玉米最适播种期的时空分布特征.结果表明:河南省夏玉米的最适播种期为5月30日至6月13日,南早北晚,北部地区以6月4日至13日播种为宜,西部山区应在5月30日左右播种,南部地区应尽量保证在6月8日前播种.晚熟品种‘农大108’应比中熟品种‘丹玉13’至少提前播种2 d气候变暖背景下若收获期可推迟1周,则最适播种期将至少推迟3 d.在生长季降水偏少年型下,夏玉米应较正常年型晚播7 d左右;而在生长季降水偏多年型下,夏玉米应早播7 d左右.1971-2010年,;可南省夏玉米最适播种期变化趋势不显著,但是由于温度变化和品种改良对冬小麦成熟期的影响导致河南省驻马店以南地区、中部的伊川、内乡、南阳,以及北部的林州和西部的三门峡地区夏玉米可播种期提前,可播种范围扩大.统计方法和APSIM模型计算的夏玉米最适播种期在76.7%的研究站点无显著差异.结合两种方法,北部地区应保证需水关键期降水充足和灌浆期温度适宜,做到“见雨即播”.南部地区在满足上述两个指标的条件下应在播种期降水达到一定有效值时进行播种,对于南部和偏南部地区,该有效值分别为3.9和8.3 mm.
Sowing date is an important factor affecting the yield of summer maize. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of summer maize optimum sowing date is of great significance to guide summer maize production.In this paper, the statistical model and APSIM-Maize process model were used to analyze the characteristics of summer maize The results showed that the optimum sowing date of summer maize in Henan Province was from May 30 to June 13, that of sowing in the south of the north and the north of the country from June 4 to June 13 in the north, The western mountainous area should be planted around May 30, and the southern area should try its best to sow it before June 8. The late cultivating ’Nongda 108’ should be sown at least two days earlier than the middle-maturing cultivar ’Dan Yu 13’ The harvest period can be postponed for 1 week, then the optimal sowing date will be postponed for at least 3 days. In the younger growing season, the summer maize should be sowed late for about 7 days than the normal years; while in the more years of precipitation in the growing season, Summer maize should be sowed for about 7 days early .1971-2010, the optimum sowing date of summer maize in southern province was not significant, but due to temperature changes and breed improvement on the maturity of winter wheat led to the south of Zhumadian in Henan Province, Central Ikawa, Neixiang, Nanyang, and North Of Linzhou and Sanmenxia area in west China had higher sowing date and wider sowing date.No significant difference was found in 76.7% of summer maize sowing date calculated by statistical method and APSIM model.With the two methods, Should ensure adequate water demand during the critical period of precipitation and temperature appropriate temperature filling, so that the “rain on the broadcast.” The southern region to meet the above two indicators of the conditions should be in the sowing period when the precipitation reaches a certain effective value for planting, for In southern and southern parts, the effective values are 3.9 and 8.3 mm respectively.