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1996年农业部正式立项中国超级稻育种计划,以期为满足我国日益增长的粮食需求目标服务.其中,一季中稻相继设置了4期产量目标:10.5,12.0,13.5和15.0 t/hm~2.1997年,袁隆平提出“形态改良与杂种优势利用相结合”的杂交水稻超高产育种技术路线,成为中国超级杂交稻育种的灵魂思想.在该技术路线指引下,各个时期的超级杂交稻育种目标陆续实现.其中,先锋品种两优培九于2000年实现第1期超级杂交稻产量目标,累计推广超过700万公顷;第2期超级杂交稻产量目标于2004年实现,其代表品种Y两优1号自2010年以来即成为我国年推广面积最大的杂交水稻品种,累计推广已达400万公顷;2011年,Y两优2号百亩连片平均亩产达926.6 kg(13.9 t/hm~2),实现了第3期超级杂交稻单产13.5 t/hm~2的目标;2014年,第4期超级杂交稻代表品种Y两优900创造百亩连片平均亩产1026.7 kg(15.4 t/hm~2)的高产新纪录,两倍于中国水稻的平均产量.迄今为止,国家农业部已认定了125个超级稻品种,累计推广面积达7000万公顷.然而,随着人口不断增加、耕地面积显著减少以及环境的持续恶化,进一步提高水稻产量潜力以及在不同生态环境下的多抗性和适应性仍然是超级杂交稻育种的主要挑战.我们认为,形态改良与杂种优势利用相结合并辅以分子设计育种技术,将是下一阶段超级杂交稻育种寻求突破的最有效途径.
In 1996, the Ministry of Agriculture formally launched the China Super Rice Breeding Program with a view to serving the growing grain demand in our country, of which, one season of Central Rice successively set four production targets: 10.5, 12.0, 13.5 and 15.0 t / hm 2. In 1997, Yuan Longping proposed the super-high-yield breeding technology line of hybrid rice combining with the combination of morphological improvement and utilization of heterosis and became the soul of super hybrid rice breeding in China.Under the guidance of this technology route, the objectives of super hybrid rice breeding in different periods . Among them, the pioneer cultivar Liangyoupeiju realized the production target of the first super hybrid rice in 2000 with a total promotion of more than 7 million hectares. The output target of the second super hybrid rice was achieved in 2004, and its representative variety Y Liangyou No. 1 Since then, it has become China’s popularized area of hybrid rice varieties, the cumulative promotion has reached 4 million hectares; 2011, Y Liangyou 2 acres of contiguous average yield of 926.6 kg (13.9 t / hm ~ 2), to achieve In 2014, Y Liangyou 900, the fourth hybrid rice, created the average mu yield of 1026.7 kg (15.4 t / hm2) per mu of contiguous hybrid rice New record high yield, twice as much as China The average output of rice So far, the State Ministry of Agriculture has identified 125 super-rice varieties with a total area of 70 million hectares to be popularized.However, as the population increases, the area of cultivated land decreases significantly and the environment continues to deteriorate, further increasing the output of rice Potential and multi-resistance and adaptability in different ecological environments remain major challenges for super-hybrid rice breeding, and we believe that the combination of morphological improvement and heterosis utilization combined with molecular design breeding will be the next stage of super hybridization The Most Effective Way to Seeking Breeding for Rice Breeding.