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目的寻找一种高效、便捷的海上清理油污的方法。方法通过水热法在光滑的不锈钢金属网基底上生长出具有纳米柱状结构的氧化锌晶体,然后用低表面能的长链硅烷对氧化锌金属网进行表面改性,制备出具有超疏水-超亲油性能的金属网材料。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、接触角测试、粘附力测试等手段对材料表面的微观形貌、化学成分和润湿性能进行分析。结果改性后的金属网材料表面覆盖了均匀的氧化锌微纳米结构,氧化锌晶体柱的长度约为3~5μm,截面呈现出很规则的六边形形貌。低表面能处理后的氧化锌表面变得模糊,但结构并未发生变化。与空白金属网相比,改性后的金属网对水的接触角达到154°,对油滴接触角为0°。该金属网材料可以自动收集并回收水面上的溢油,对多种油类和有机溶剂的回收效率均高于95%,循环吸油10次后依然具有90%的回收效率。同时该金属网材料还具有良好的耐磨性能,经过胶带剥离50次或800#砂纸打磨后涂层仍保持着良好的超疏水性。结论在氧化锌微纳米结构与低表面能物质的共同作用下,金属网表面具有了优异的超疏水-超亲油性能,可以自动收集水上的油污,具有较高的油水分离效率和较好的涂层稳定性,适用于海上溢油的清理。
Aim To find an efficient and convenient method to clean oil at sea. Methods Hydrothermal method was used to grow zinc oxide crystals with nano-columnar structure on a smooth stainless steel mesh. Then, the surface of zinc oxide metal mesh was modified with long-chain silane with low surface energy to prepare superhydrophobic- Lipophilic metal mesh material. The morphology, chemical composition and wettability of the material surface were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, IR, contact angle and adhesion test. Results The surface of the modified metal mesh was covered with uniform zinc oxide micro-nano structure. The length of the zinc oxide crystal column was about 3 ~ 5μm, and the cross section showed a regular hexagonal morphology. The zinc oxide surface after the low surface energy treatment became obscured, but the structure did not change. Compared with the blank metal mesh, the modified metal mesh has a water contact angle of 154 ° and an oil drop contact angle of 0 °. The metal mesh material automatically collects and recovers oil spills on the surface of the water, recovering a variety of oils and organic solvents above 95%, and recycling 90% after 10 cycles. At the same time the metal mesh material also has good wear resistance, after tape stripping 50 times or 800 # sandpaper polished coating remains a good super-hydrophobic. Conclusions Under the combined effect of zinc oxide micro / nano structure and low surface energy material, the surface of the metal mesh has excellent superhydrophobic-super-oleophilic property, which can automatically collect the oil on the water, has higher oil-water separation efficiency and better Coating stability, suitable for the cleaning of oil spills at sea.