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随着全球范围内人们对水资源重要性认识的提高,许多发达国家和发展中国家对其水资源管理政策和法律进行了复审。巴西1997年颁布了国家水资源政策(NWRP)和国家水资源管理制度(NWRMS),推出了应用规划与经济措施的新的水资源综合管理方法。介绍并分析了巴西水资源部门1997年以来依据国家水资源政策在法律和体制层面上进行的改革。初步分析表明,目前,改革进程依然面临许多挑战,提出的各种措施难以有效整合。研究认为,尽管巴西模式总体而言符合国际趋势,目前也取得了巨大进步,但在某些水文分区,上述法律措施的执行依然处于初步阶段,对此提出了一些建议。
With the increasing awareness of the importance of water resources in the world, many developed and developing countries have reviewed their water resources management policies and laws. Brazil promulgated the National Water Policy (NWRP) and the National Water Resources Management System (NWRMS) in 1997, introducing a new approach to integrated water resources management that uses planning and economic measures. Introduced and analyzed the legal and institutional reform of the Brazilian water sector since 1997 under the national water policy. Preliminary analysis shows that at present, the reform process still faces many challenges and the various measures proposed are difficult to effectively integrate. According to the study, although the Brazilian model is generally in line with international trends and tremendous progress has been made at present, in some sub-regions of hydrology, the implementation of the above legal measures is still in its infancy and some suggestions are put forward.