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19世纪批判现实主义文学是西欧资本主义开始确立并迅速发展,随之工人阶级正式登上历史舞台时期的产物,是近代欧美文学长河中的雄峰。一般以1871年巴黎公社革命为界,分为前后两期,前期以法、英诸国为中心,后期以俄、美、北欧等地为重点。这时期的文学领域里,作家辈出,灿若群星,佳作迭起,浩如烟海,呈现出一种前所未有、绚丽多姿的文学景观,被高尔基看作是“19世纪一个主要的,而且是最壮阔、最有益的文学流派”。现撰此篇短文,仅从下列数端,聊以观照这种文学的历史功绩。
The critical realist literature of the 19th century is the product of the beginning of the rapid establishment and rapid development of capitalism in Western Europe and the formal appearance of the working class in the historical stage. It is the majestic peak of modern European and American literature. It is generally divided into two periods before and after the Paris Commune revolution in 1871. The earlier period was centered on France and Britain and the later was mainly on Russia, the United States and Scandinavia. In this period of literary field, writers come forth in full swing, brilliant stars, masterpieces, sea of multitudes, showing an unprecedented, colorful literary landscape, was Gorky regarded as “a major 19th century, but also the most magnificent, the most Useful genre of literature. ” Now write this essay, only from the following end, talk to look at the historical merit of this literature.