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以超高产大豆品种为砧木嫁接不同年代育成品种,旨在明确超高产品种砧木对农艺性状的影响,从而揭示根系改良在大豆育种中的重要作用。以来自相同的祖先亲本(Williams和Amsoy)且地理纬度相同的美国俄亥俄州和中国辽宁省不同年代育成的代表性大豆品种为接穗,分别与超高产大豆品种辽豆14和中黄35进行嫁接,成熟期测定植株农艺性状。结果表明:嫁接处理对大豆品种的农艺性状存在显著影响。自身嫁接的植株与不嫁接植株相比,其农艺性状没有显著变化。与品种自身作砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种辽豆14或中黄35砧木上时,不同年代育成品种的株高、主茎节数、分枝数等性状没有显著变化,但单株荚数、百粒重、粒茎比和单株粒重会显著提高。其中,与品种自身作砧木的植株相比,嫁接到超高产品种砧木上,共同亲本、俄亥俄中期、辽宁中期、俄亥俄当代、辽宁当代的大豆品种单株产量分别提高了4.5%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%、19.9%。由此说明,根系改良会带来大豆品种产量的大幅度提高。
Super-high-yielding soybean varieties as rootstocks were grafted into bred varieties of different ages in order to clarify the impact of super-high-yielding rootstocks on agronomic characters and to reveal the important role of root improvement in soybean breeding. The representative soybean cultivars from Ohio and Liaoning Province of China with the same geographic latitude from the same ancestral parents (Williams and Amsoy) were scioned, and super-high-yielding soybean varieties Liaozuo 14 and Zhonghuang 35 were grafted. Agronomic Traits of Mature Plants. The results showed that grafting treatment had significant influence on agronomic traits of soybean varieties. Compared with the non-grafted plants, the self-grafted plants showed no significant changes in their agronomic traits. When grafted onto the super-high-yielding variety Liao-Dou 14 or Zhong-Huang 35, compared with the cultivars that own variety as rootstocks, the plant height, the number of main stems, the number of branches and other traits did not change significantly The number of pods, 100-grain weight, grain-stem ratio and grain weight per plant were significantly increased. Among them, the yield per plant increased by 4.5%, 6.9%, 9.4% respectively when compared with the plants that own varieties as rootstocks, grafted on super-high-yield rootstocks, common parents, mid Ohio, mid-Liaoning, %, 15.7%, 19.9%. This shows that the improvement of roots will bring a substantial increase in soybean yield.