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塞涅卡是古罗马斯多亚主义哲学家、尼禄皇帝统治时期的首席大臣,他用“为道德而道德不图利益回报”的唯理主义斯多亚哲学思想教导他的学生尼禄皇帝对奴隶和平民宽容仁慈,享有古罗马人“精神道德导师”的称号;同时他也利用自己的权力大方高利贷,从中牟取了高额利润,成为尼禄统治时代的头号富翁。后来他又自动隐退,把他的许多财富捐献出来,过来清平的生活,最后还是被尼禄以谋反罪令他自杀,死后丢给了哲学史学界很多争议。本文将从西方哲学史以下两个时期介绍西方人对塞涅卡的争议:1.塞涅卡在西方哲学史古典时期的争议;2.塞涅卡在中世纪和文艺复兴时期的走红。
Seneca, an ancient Romanian philosopher and chief minister of Nero’s reign, taught his student Nero with the “Stalinist” philosophy of “doctrine of morality and moral non-profit” The emperor, tolerant of slaves and civilians, enjoys the title of the ancient Romans “mentor for morality”. At the same time, he exploited his power generous loan sharks to gain high profits and became the number one richest man in Nero’s reign. Later, he automatically retreated, donated many of his wealth, came to Qingping life, and finally committed suicide by Nero for his crimes. After his death, he left a lot of controversy over the history of philosophy. This article will introduce Westerners to Seneca in the following two periods of Western philosophy: 1. Seneca’s controversy in the classical period of Western philosophy; 2. Seneca’s popularity during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.