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目的借鉴应激-易感模型,探讨大学新生心理健康的影响因素,尤其是沉浸与大学适应的作用。方法整群取样大一新生2083人,采用自尊(SES)、社会支持(PSSS)、大学适应(CCSA S)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、贝克抑郁(BD I)和沉浸量表进行团体问卷调查,使用结构方程模型分析变量间关系。结果①研究变量间均存在及其显著的相关(r=0.602,P≤0.01);②沉浸做自变量,大学适应做中介变量的模型D与数据的拟合结果最好(χ2=428.380,NF I=0.989,RF I=0.922,CF I=0.989,RM SEA=0.261)。结论①自尊、社会支持和沉浸能够显著预测大学新生适应和心理健康水平,沉浸的预测效力大于自尊和社会支持;②大学适应是自尊、社会支持、沉浸与心理健康之间的中介因素,大学适应部分中介自尊和沉浸对心理健康的作用,大学适应完全中介社会支持对心理健康的作用。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of mental health of freshmen, especially the effect of immersion and university adaptation by referring to the stress-susceptibility model. Methods A total of 2083 freshmen were enrolled in the study group. Self-esteem (SES), social support (PSSS), CCSA S, SCL-90, BDI and Immersion Scale Group questionnaires were used to analyze the relationship between variables using structural equation modeling. Results ① There was a significant correlation between the study variables (r = 0.602, P≤0.01); ② Immersion as the independent variable, the fitting result of the model D fitted to the university as the mediator variable was the best (χ2 = 428.380, NF I = 0.989, RF I = 0.922, CF I = 0.989, RM SEA = 0.261). Conclusion ① Self-esteem, social support and immersion can significantly predict the freshmen’s adaptability and mental health, and the predictive power of immersion is greater than that of self-esteem and social support. ② College adaptation is the mediating factor between self-esteem, social support, immersion and mental health. Part of the intermediary role of self-esteem and immersion on mental health, the University to adapt fully mediated by the social support of the role of mental health.