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英国是工业革命的发源地,最早受到环境污染的危害。1872年在工业城市就出现了酸雨,但并没有引起人们对工业文明消极后果的反思。英国在推进工业化进程中无视生态规律,破坏人与自然的和谐,遭到了自然界的猛烈报复。1952年12月,伦敦发生毒雾事件,造成12000多人死亡,震惊世界。这起恶性生态事件,使英国开始重视环境污染的恶果,并采取有力措施加以治理。通过多方论证,英国于1956年颁布了世界上第一部《清洁空气法》,并逐渐实现了全民天然气化,停止了燃煤。现在,伦敦的烟雾问题基本上得到了治理,环境的质量有了明显的改善。泰晤士河在20世纪50年代的污染状况也达到了极点,不仅河中的鱼类不见踪影,还一度在当地居民中引发霍乱等疾病。从20世纪60年代开始,英国加大整治泰晤士河的力度,通过了严厉的治污法案,对违规排放污水的机构实施法律制裁。经过持续努力,精心治理,目前泰晤士河已成为欧洲最洁净的河流之一。经过50多年不懈的努力,如今的伦敦,蓝天白云,绿树芳草,成为最适合人类居住的城市之一。环境治理与保护是可持续发展的主要内容之一。英国推进可持续发展的经验值得中国加以借鉴,中英两国在这方面的紧密合作正在加强。
Britain was the birthplace of the industrial revolution and was the first to be endangered by environmental pollution. Acid rain appeared in industrial cities in 1872 but did not arouse people’s reflection on the negative consequences of industrial civilization. In ignoring the laws of ecology and destroying the harmony between man and nature, Britain has been violently retaliated by nature in advancing the process of industrialization. December 1952, London poisoning incident, killing more than 12,000 people, shock the world. This vicious ecological event has led the United Kingdom to pay attention to the consequences of environmental pollution and take effective measures to control it. Through various arguments, Britain promulgated the world’s first “Clean Air Act” in 1956 and gradually realized natural gasification by the whole people and stopped burning coal. Now that the smog problem in London has basically been governed, there has been a marked improvement in the quality of the environment. The pollution of the Thames in the 1950s culminated in the disappearance of not only fish in the river but also cholera and other diseases among local residents. Since the 1960s, Britain has stepped up efforts to rehabilitate the Thames, passed a draconian pollution control act and imposed legal sanctions on those organizations that discharge sewage illegally. After sustained efforts and meticulous governance, the Thames has now become one of the cleanest rivers in Europe. After 50 years of unremitting efforts, today’s London, blue sky and white clouds, green trees, become the most suitable for human habitation of the city. Environmental governance and protection are one of the main contents of sustainable development. The experience of Britain in promoting sustainable development deserves to be borrowed by China. The close cooperation between China and Britain in this regard is being strengthened.