BACKGROUND: Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (DNMO) and multiple sclerosis in Asian populations have been considered to be the same disease. However, there is an increasing number of studies suggesting that DNMO and multiple sclerosis are different diseases. OBJECTIVE: Little information is available regarding comparisons of DNMO patients between China and other countries, as well as clinical manifestations of Chinese patients with DNMO and multiple sclerosis. The present study performed a multicenter, pathological, retrospective analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from seven patients with DNMO diagnosed between 1957 and 1998. PARTICIPANTS: Data from Chinese DNMO patients was provided by the Shanghai Second Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in China. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data from Chinese patients with DNMO were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of DNMO were compared between Chinese and Caucasian patients. In addition, clinical and pathological differences between DNMO and multiple sclerosis Chinese patients were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and pathological features of Chinese patients with DNMO. RESULTS: All seven Chinese patients with DNMO exhibited abrupt onset of vision disturbance, with a disease course of 3 days to 9 years. DNMO recurred in two of the patients. Demyelinating lesions were observed in all patients, with necrotic lesions and gitter cells in five patients, collagenous hyperplasia in one patient, and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration in six patients. Comparison between Chinese and Caucasian DNMO patients revealed no significant differences in age at onset, clinical onset, duration, or interval between optic neuritis and myelitis. Compared with Chinese multiple sclerosis patients, Chinese DNMO patients presented with fewer recurrences, higher occurrence of necrosis, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and gitter cells, and a lower occurrence of collagenous hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in DNMO clinical features between Chinese and Caucasian patients. However, the clinical and pathological features of DNMO were different compared with multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients. Results suggested that the characteristics of DNMO in Chinese patients were significantly different than multiple sclerosis. BACKGROUND: Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (DNMO) and multiple sclerosis in Asian populations have been considered to be the same disease. However, there is an increasing number of studies suggesting that DNMO and multiple sclerosis are different diseases. OBJECTIVE: Little information is available regarding comparisons of DNMO patients between China and other countries, as well as clinical manifestations of Chinese patients with DNMO and multiple sclerosis. The present study performed a multicenter, pathological, retrospective analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from seven patients with DNMO diagnosed between 1957 and 1998. PARTICIPANTS: Data from Chinese DNMO patients was provided by the Shanghai Second Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in China. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data from Chinese patients with DNMO were retrospectively analyzed. The cl in addition characteristics of DNMO were compared between Chinese and Caucasian patients. In addition, clinical and pathological differences between DNMO and multiple sclerosis Chinese patients were compared. DNMO developed abrupt onset of vision disturbance, with a disease course of 3 days to 9 years. DNMO recurred in two of the patients. Demyelinating lesions were observed in all patients, with necrotic lesions and gitter cells in five patients, collagenous hyperplasia in one patient Comparison between Chinese and Caucasian DNMO patients revealed no significant differences in age at onset, clinical onset, duration, or interval between optic neuritis and myelitis. Compared with Chinese multiple sclerosis patients, Chinese DNMO patients presented with fewer recurrences, higher occurrence of necrosis, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and gitter cells, and a lower occurrence of collagenous hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in DNMO clinical features between Chinese and Caucasian patients. However, the clinical and pathological features of DNMO were different compared with multiple sclerosis in Chinese patients. Results suggested that the characteristics of DNMO in Chinese patients were significantly different than multiple sclerosis.