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目的:了解鄂州地区不同年龄组儿童哮喘的常见过敏原,为预防和治疗儿童哮喘提供科学依据。方法:94例2月~9岁6月鄂州地区哮喘儿童,采用北京协和医院制剂厂生产的过敏原点刺液进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验,用瑞典Pharmacia公司生产的CAP变应原检测系统进行Phadiatop,Fx5E过筛检测和T-IgE测定。结果:在所有过敏原中,吸入组阳性率最高的是室内尘土(35.1%),其次是尘螨(29.7%)和香烟烟气(22.3%),蟑螂(20.2%)和夏秋花粉(20.2%);食物组15例阳性率最高的是海虾(11.7%),其次是大豆(8.5%)和鸡蛋(8.5%),牛奶(7.4%)和海鱼(6.5%);25例Phaditop阳性7例(7.4%),Fx5E阳性11例(11.7%),总IgE(>100 KU/L)14例(14.8%)。过敏原阳性率与哮喘发作频率呈正相关。性别间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:尘土、尘螨、海虾、大豆等是鄂州地区哮喘儿童的主要致敏原,UniCAP检测有较高的特异性,二者相辅相成,具体需要结合临床分析。
Objective: To understand the common allergens of children asthma in different age groups in Ezhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods: 94 cases of children with asthma in Ezhou from February to September of 2009 were treated with allergens prickles liquid produced by Peking Union Medical College Hospital and tested with the allergen skin prick test. Phadiatop , Fx5E screening test and T-IgE assay. RESULTS: Among all the allergens, indoor dust (35.1%) was the highest in inhalation group, followed by dust mites (29.7%) and cigarette smoke (22.3%), cockroaches (20.2%) and summer and autumn pollen (20.2% ). In the food group, the highest positive rate was shrimp (11.7%), followed by soybeans (8.5%) and eggs (8.5%), milk (7.4%) and marine fish (7.4%), Fx5E positive in 11 cases (11.7%) and total IgE (> 100 KU / L) in 14 cases (14.8%). Allergen positive rate and asthma attack frequency was positively correlated. Gender differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dust, dust mites, sea shrimp and soybean are the major allergens in asthmatic children in Ezhou. The detection of UniCAP is highly specific. The two are complementary to each other and need to be combined with clinical analysis.