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摘 要: 通过田间试验,研究了玉米秸秆与氮肥混合基施对小麦产量、千粒重、氮素吸收利用率及氮素效益的影响。结果表明,氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理的小麦千粒重最高,为39.4 g,小麦产量以氮肥基追比7∶ 3处理最高,其次为氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理,且两处理间差异不显著;从氮素吸收利用率及氮素效益来看,氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理值均为最高。本试验条件下,氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理为最佳处理,其次为氮肥基追比7∶ 3处理,秸秆还田条件下适宜增加前期氮肥投入有利于小麦生长及提高肥料利用效率。
关键词: 秸秆还田;小麦;产量;氮素吸收利用率
中图分类号: S512.106.2 文献标识号:A 文章编号: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0078 - 03
Effect of Combined Use of Straw and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization
Dong Liang, Sun Zeqiang, Wang Xuejun, Zheng Dongfeng, Dong Xiaoxia, Guo Honghai*, Liu Zhaohui
(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture/ Scientific Observing and
Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Shandong), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100,China)
Abstract The effect of combined use of straw and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield, thousand- kernel weight, nitrogen use rate and nitrogen benefit were studied by field experiments. The results indicated that the thousand-kernel weight was the highest as 39.4 g when treated with nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4. The yield was the highest when treated by nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 7∶ 3, and then the one at the ratio of 6∶ 4, but there were no significant differences between them. The nitrogen use rate and nitrogen benefit were the highest when treated by nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4. So under the test conditions, the best treatment was nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4 combined with full corn straw returning, followed by the treatment with nitrogen at the ratio of 7∶ 3. Under the condition of straw returning, optimally increasing nitrogen amount at earlier stage could promote wheat growth and improve nitrogen utilization.
Key words Straw returning; Wheat; Yield; Nitrogen use rate
秸秆还田是促进农业可持续发展的有效途径。研究发现,秸秆还田可以增加土壤有机质含量,改变土壤结构,增加作物产量,提高化肥尤其是氮肥的利用效率[1]。在秸秆还田条件下,合理运筹氮肥施用,调整适宜的氮肥基追比例,可以提高小麦产量[2]。但目前大多进行的为秸秆还田条件下氮肥用量的研究[3,4],对于秸秆与氮肥混合基施、促进秸秆腐熟及适宜氮肥基追比方面研究较少。
本试验以潍麦8号为材料,探讨秸秆还田模式下秸秆与氮肥混合施用对小麦生长及氮素利用率的影响,以进行秸秆还田条件下小麦氮肥养分管理研究,从而指导农民科学施肥,提高小麦产量及肥料利用效率。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况及试材
试验于惠民县皂户李乡李栋村进行。供试土壤为潮土,基本理化性质为:pH值8.02,有机质1.01%,碱解氮45.22 mg/kg,速效磷38.91 mg/kg,速效钾67.54 mg/kg。
供试肥料:尿素、过磷酸钙。供试作物:冬小麦品种潍麦8号。
1.2 试验设计
3 小结
从小麦千粒重、产量、氮素吸收利用率及氮素效益分析,在本试验秸秆还田条件下,以氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理效果最佳,其次是氮肥基追比7∶ 3处理,说明适宜增加前期氮肥投入有利于小麦生长及促进肥料利用效率的提高。这与陈祥等[8]传统氮肥后移理论及周海燕等[9]“轻基重追”理论有所不同,分析原因可能是因为本试验将基施氮肥喷施于还田秸秆之上,很大作用是调节玉米秸秆C/N比,促进了秸秆腐解,从而最大化地发挥了还田秸秆的培肥作用,而其余直接用于小麦生长的基施及追施氮素部分则也能完全满足小麦生长需要,但具体原因还需要进一步试验验证。
参 考 文 献:
[1] 赵鹏,陈阜,李莉.秸秆还田对冬小麦农田土壤无机氮和土壤脲酶的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):165-169.
[2] 贾春林,郭洪海,袁奎明,等.玉米秸秆机械还田及播种方式对小麦出苗和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):149-154.
[3] 张荣亭,黄翊鹏,朱长华,等.秸秆还田条件下小麦耕作模式与施肥技术研究[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(3):80-82.
[4] 孙铭泽,王法宏,冯波,等.秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式和氮肥配施对冬小麦生长发育的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(3):47-51.
[5] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:302-305.
[6] 唐启义,冯光明.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:104-107.
[7] 魏建林,崔荣宗,杨果,等.不同氮肥运筹对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(9):53-55,59.
[8] 陈祥,同延安,亢欢虎,等.氮肥后移对冬小麦产量、氮利用率及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,14(3):450-455.
[9] 周海燕,吴德敏,李彦,等.秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥运筹对冬小麦产量、农艺性状及氮素利用率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(5):55-59.
关键词: 秸秆还田;小麦;产量;氮素吸收利用率
中图分类号: S512.106.2 文献标识号:A 文章编号: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0078 - 03
Effect of Combined Use of Straw and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization
Dong Liang, Sun Zeqiang, Wang Xuejun, Zheng Dongfeng, Dong Xiaoxia, Guo Honghai*, Liu Zhaohui
(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture/ Scientific Observing and
Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (Shandong), Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100,China)
Abstract The effect of combined use of straw and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield, thousand- kernel weight, nitrogen use rate and nitrogen benefit were studied by field experiments. The results indicated that the thousand-kernel weight was the highest as 39.4 g when treated with nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4. The yield was the highest when treated by nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 7∶ 3, and then the one at the ratio of 6∶ 4, but there were no significant differences between them. The nitrogen use rate and nitrogen benefit were the highest when treated by nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4. So under the test conditions, the best treatment was nitrogen at the ratio of basal to dressing as 6∶ 4 combined with full corn straw returning, followed by the treatment with nitrogen at the ratio of 7∶ 3. Under the condition of straw returning, optimally increasing nitrogen amount at earlier stage could promote wheat growth and improve nitrogen utilization.
Key words Straw returning; Wheat; Yield; Nitrogen use rate
秸秆还田是促进农业可持续发展的有效途径。研究发现,秸秆还田可以增加土壤有机质含量,改变土壤结构,增加作物产量,提高化肥尤其是氮肥的利用效率[1]。在秸秆还田条件下,合理运筹氮肥施用,调整适宜的氮肥基追比例,可以提高小麦产量[2]。但目前大多进行的为秸秆还田条件下氮肥用量的研究[3,4],对于秸秆与氮肥混合基施、促进秸秆腐熟及适宜氮肥基追比方面研究较少。
本试验以潍麦8号为材料,探讨秸秆还田模式下秸秆与氮肥混合施用对小麦生长及氮素利用率的影响,以进行秸秆还田条件下小麦氮肥养分管理研究,从而指导农民科学施肥,提高小麦产量及肥料利用效率。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况及试材
试验于惠民县皂户李乡李栋村进行。供试土壤为潮土,基本理化性质为:pH值8.02,有机质1.01%,碱解氮45.22 mg/kg,速效磷38.91 mg/kg,速效钾67.54 mg/kg。
供试肥料:尿素、过磷酸钙。供试作物:冬小麦品种潍麦8号。
1.2 试验设计
3 小结
从小麦千粒重、产量、氮素吸收利用率及氮素效益分析,在本试验秸秆还田条件下,以氮肥基追比6∶ 4处理效果最佳,其次是氮肥基追比7∶ 3处理,说明适宜增加前期氮肥投入有利于小麦生长及促进肥料利用效率的提高。这与陈祥等[8]传统氮肥后移理论及周海燕等[9]“轻基重追”理论有所不同,分析原因可能是因为本试验将基施氮肥喷施于还田秸秆之上,很大作用是调节玉米秸秆C/N比,促进了秸秆腐解,从而最大化地发挥了还田秸秆的培肥作用,而其余直接用于小麦生长的基施及追施氮素部分则也能完全满足小麦生长需要,但具体原因还需要进一步试验验证。
参 考 文 献:
[1] 赵鹏,陈阜,李莉.秸秆还田对冬小麦农田土壤无机氮和土壤脲酶的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(3):165-169.
[2] 贾春林,郭洪海,袁奎明,等.玉米秸秆机械还田及播种方式对小麦出苗和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(22):149-154.
[3] 张荣亭,黄翊鹏,朱长华,等.秸秆还田条件下小麦耕作模式与施肥技术研究[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(3):80-82.
[4] 孙铭泽,王法宏,冯波,等.秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式和氮肥配施对冬小麦生长发育的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(3):47-51.
[5] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:302-305.
[6] 唐启义,冯光明.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:104-107.
[7] 魏建林,崔荣宗,杨果,等.不同氮肥运筹对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(9):53-55,59.
[8] 陈祥,同延安,亢欢虎,等.氮肥后移对冬小麦产量、氮利用率及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,14(3):450-455.
[9] 周海燕,吴德敏,李彦,等.秸秆还田条件下不同氮肥运筹对冬小麦产量、农艺性状及氮素利用率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2011(5):55-59.