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目的了解江苏省X射线诊断所致受检者入射体表剂量(ESD)水平。方法采用多阶段整群抽样法,以江苏省5个地级市18家不同级别的医院共19台X射线摄影机为研究对象,采用热释光剂量元件对1 260名成年人腹部前后位,骨盆前后位,头颅后前位、侧位,胸部后前位、侧位,腰椎后前位、侧位及胸椎后前位、侧位X射线诊断所致受检者ESD进行测量。结果 X射线诊断所致受检者ESD的中位数为0.99 m Sv,本次调查涉及的10种体位ESD的中位数均不超过GB 18871—2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》中典型成年受检者X射线摄影的剂量参考值。不同设备类型所致受检者ESD在腹部前后位、腰椎侧位和腰椎后前位比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同级别医院X射线诊断所致受检者ESD,在腹部前后位、骨盆前后位、头颅侧位、胸部侧位、胸部后前位、腰椎侧位和腰椎后前位比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论江苏省当前主要类型X射线诊断所致受检者ESD整体水平不高,但仍应进一步加强受检者防护,合理降低公众医用X射线诊断所致受照剂量。
Objective To understand the level of incident body surface dose (ESD) caused by X-ray diagnosis in Jiangsu province. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used in this study. A total of 19 X-ray radiography cameras from 18 hospitals of 5 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province were used as research objects. A total of 1 260 adult abdomen anteroposterior and pelvis Anteroposterior, posterior, anteroposterior, posterior anterior, lateral, anterior posterior lumbar, posterior and thoracic posterior anterior, posterior X-ray diagnosis of subjects were measured by ESD. Results The median of ESD for the subjects diagnosed by X-ray diagnosis was 0.99 m Sv. The median of 10 ESDs involved in this survey did not exceed the standard of GB 18871-2002 “Basic Standard for Safety of Ionizing Radiation Protection and Radiation Sources” In a typical adult subjects X-ray dose reference value. The ESD of different types of devices showed significant differences in the anteroposterior position, lumbar lateral position and posterior lumbar position (P <0.05). X-ray diagnosis of patients at different levels of the subject caused by ESD, in the abdomen anteroposterior position, anteroposterior pelvis, skull lateral, chest lateral, anterior chest, lumbar lateral and posterior lumbar anterior, the differences were statistically Significance (P <0.05). Conclusions The current level of ESD in the main types of X-ray diagnosis in Jiangsu Province is not high in the overall level of ESD. However, the protection of the subjects should be further strengthened to reduce the dosage of public medical X-ray diagnosis reasonably.