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同治以前,在陕甘地区的某些州县中,回民人口占有相当高的比重,如渭河两岸部分州县,回民人口比例接近或超过三成,河州回民比例更是超过半数。但从整个地区来看,回民人口在总人口中所占的比例较低。研究表明,同治以前,陕西回民仅占全省人口的一成五左右,甘肃回民仅占全省人口的三成左右,两省合计,回民仅占总人口的二成五左右,总数估计不会超过800万。这和人们原来普遍认为的陕甘两省回民人口众多,尤其甘肃一省回多汉少的说法,相去甚远。清代陕甘区域回民人口数量被严重夸大与同治年间的西北战争有直接关系。
Before the Tongzhi period, the Muslim population held a relatively high proportion in some counties in the Shaanxi-Gansu region. For example, in some counties and counties along the Weihe River, the proportion of the Hui people is close to or exceeds 30%, and the proportion of Muslims in Hezhou is more than half. However, from the perspective of the entire region, the proportion of Hui people in the total population is relatively low. Studies show that before the Tongzhi period, Muslims in Shaanxi only made up about 1/10 of the province’s population, while Muslims in Gansu Province accounted for only about 30% of the province’s population. The two provinces together accounted for only about 25% of the total population, and the total number was estimated to not exceed 800w. This goes a far cry from what people originally thought was the large population of Muslims in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and especially in Gansu, where more than one Han were returned to China. The population of Muslims in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Qinghai region was severely exaggerated and directly related to the Northwest War during the Tongzhi years.