在学校教育中,学生的学习活动往往受挫,不能顺利进行,出现诸如学习动机低落、焦虑、紧张感强烈、缺乏自信、专注于学习以外的事,等等状况。我国教育心理学研究者最初多使用“差生”、“后进生”、“学业不良”等名称进行学业困难的相关研究。20世纪80年代以来,又出现了“学习困难”、“学习失能”、“学习障碍”等词。 In school education, students’ learning activities tend to be frustrated and can not be carried out smoothly, such as low learning motivation, anxiety, intense sense of tension, lack of self-confidence, focus on things other than learning, and so on. At first, Chinese educational psychology researchers mostly use the names of “poor student”, “postsecondary student”, “poor academic study” and so on to study the academic difficulties. Since the 1980s, the words “learning difficulties”, “learning disabilities” and “learning disabilities” have emerged.