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为了研究中国特有地方猪种丫杈猪、青裕猪和乌金猪盲肠微生物菌落的组成,揭示地方猪种耐粗饲特性的机理,本试验采用16SrDNA扩增子测序技术比较分析了体重90kg左右的丫杈猪、青裕猪和乌金猪盲肠微生物菌群的多样性。结果显示,在门水平上3个品种猪的核心菌群均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),在属的水平上均为普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides);在3个猪种的盲肠中均发现了与降解纤维素相关的细菌,其中纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)和梭菌属(Clostridium)在丫杈猪盲肠中的数量显著高于青裕猪和乌金猪(P<0.05),普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)在丫杈猪盲肠内的数量显著高于乌金猪(P<0.05),拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)在青裕猪盲肠内的数量显著高于丫杈猪(P<0.05),螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)在青裕猪盲肠内的数量显著高于乌金猪(P<0.05)。结果表明,3个品种猪盲肠内微生物菌群分布的种类相似度高,但分布规律和数量存在显著差异;对与纤维素消化相关菌群的分析表明,丫杈猪对纤维消化的能力是3个品种中最强的,其次是青裕猪,乌金猪最弱。
In order to study the composition of caecal colonies of pigs in Qingyu pigs and Wujin pigs in China, and to reveal the mechanism of crude feed resistance of pigs in local pigs, the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technique was used to analyze the effects of body weight of about 90kg The diversity of the caecum microbe flora of Yawo, Qingyu and Wujin pigs. The results showed that the core flora of three breeds of pigs at the gate level were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and both Prevotella and Bacteroides (Bacteroides). Bacteria associated with degrading cellulose were found in the caecum of three pig breeds, in which Fibrobacter and Clostridium were significantly higher in the cecum (P <0.05). The abundance of Prevotella in the cecum of Yahu was significantly higher than that in the Wujin (P <0.05). Bacteroides was more abundant in the cecum (P <0.05). The number of spirochaetes in the cecum of Qingyu pigs was significantly higher than that in Wujin pigs (P <0.05). The results showed that there was a high similarity in the distribution of microbial flora among the three species of pig cecum, but there was a significant difference in the distribution pattern and quantity. The analysis of the flora related to digestion of cellulose showed that the ability of Yaoguan pig to digest was 3 The strongest varieties, followed by green yu pigs, black pigs the weakest.