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目的调查分析北京地区现役军人对无偿献血的认知状况,为促进献血宣传和社会参与提供策略。方法按照自行设计的《现役军人无偿献血知识调查表》,采取无记名方式随机调查北京地区不同兵种共2 000名现役军人,并整理出1 207份内容完整的调查表。内容包括基本情况、对无偿献血的认识、献血参与度和获得献血信息的途径等方面。结果现役军人的献血参与度较高,被调查人员中的献血人数占72.5%(875/1 207),支持无偿献血活动的人数达90.0%,57.3%的军人选择接到紧急需要血液信息时积极参与。在献血知识方面,献血可以免费用血、奉献社会、献血有益健康等方面知晓率较高(P<0.05);但53.9%(651/1 207)的人不了解献血不会传染疾病。现役军人从电视、报纸、宣传活动和医院了解的献血知识较多,从网络获得的知识仅占6.2%。结论现役军人对无偿献血认知不平衡,针对不同的献血意识和需求细分宣传方式,改进招募策略,努力建立长效的无偿献血机制。
Objective To investigate and analyze the cognitive status of unmanaged blood donations in active servicemen in Beijing and provide strategies to promote blood donation and social participation. Methods According to the Self-designed Questionnaire on Knowledge of Unpaid Blood Donation of Active Service Personnel, a total of 2 000 active servicemen from different branches in Beijing were investigated by secret mail in anonymous manner, and 1 207 questionnaires with complete contents were collected. Including the basic situation, awareness of blood donation, participation in blood donation and access to blood donation information and other aspects. Results There was a high level of blood donation among active servicemen. Blood donors accounted for 72.5% (875/1 207) of the respondents, 90.0% of them supported unpaid blood donation activities, and 57.3% of soldiers chose to actively receive blood information participate. In knowledge of blood donation, there was a high awareness rate of blood donation for blood donation, social contribution, and health benefits of blood donation (P <0.05); however, 53.9% (651/1 207) did not understand that blood donation did not spread the disease. Active soldiers knew more about blood donation from television, newspapers, promotional activities and hospitals, and only acquired 6.2% of knowledge from the Internet. Conclusion There is a cognitive imbalance between active servicemen and unpaid blood donation. According to different awareness of blood donation and needs dissemination methods, recruitment tactics should be improved and a long-term unpaid blood donation mechanism should be established.